Pace Hospitals | Best Hospitals in Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Cholecystectomy Surgery

Cholecystectomy Surgery - Uses, Indications & Cost

PACE Hospitals is one of the Best Hospital for Gallbladder Removal Surgery in Hyderabad, India. The Department is equipped with the advanced OT, equipped with World's first universal AI surgical robotic system and world-class 3D HD laparoscopic and laser equipment to perform minimally invasive major and supra-major cholecystectomy surgery.


Our team of the best surgical gastroenterologist in Hyderabad, Telangana and top laparoscopic surgeon, gallbladder surgery specialist, advanced laparoscopic gallbladder surgeons in India are having extensive experience in performing the critical robotic and laparoscopic gallbladder surgery.

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Cost-effective treatment with 99.9% success rate

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What is cholecystectomy surgery?

Cholecystectomy meaning


Cholecystectomy procedure is a surgical removal of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a tiny organ under the liver on the upper right side of the abdomen. It stores a digestive juice called bile, produced by the liver to break down fat, that helps digest fatty foods. 


When the fatty food from a meal enters the small intestine, the gall bladder releases the bile into it for digesting the fat. An imbalance in bile leads to gall stone formation. Gallstones are stone-like debris in the gallbladder. 


This surgery is usually performed when there is evidence of gallbladder problems such as polyps or gallstones and also for biliary dyskinesia (A condition in which the gallbladder doesn't function properly, where it is not contracting and ejecting bile effectively).

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Cholecystectomy indications

Usually, Cholecystectomy surgery is recommended when gallstones become troublesome. That includes:

Biliary colic (pain)

  • Gallbladder infection (Acute cholecystitis)
  • Blockage of pancreatic duct - Gallstone Pancreatitis
  • Blockage of bile flow out of gall bladder - Obstructive jaundice
  • Blockage of bowel


Generally, the indications for open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgeries are similar, as both approaches are used to treat gallbladder-related issues. Such as:

  • Gallbladder masses or polyps
  • Gall bladder cancer
  • Cirrhosis


However, the choice depends on multiple factors, including patient age, weight, health, the condition's severity and the gastrointestinal surgeons / surgical gastroenterologist / gastro surgeon's judgement.

Types of cholecystectomy surgery

Cholecystectomy surgery is mainly classified into two types, such as:

  1. Open cholecystectomy surgery
  2. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery
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Open cholecystectomy surgery

Open cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder through a large cut in the patient's stomach. With the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomies, the requirement for open cholecystectomy cases has decreased.


However, it is used in various surgeries of the gallbladder, liver and gastrointestinal tract where an open approach is necessary.



Open surgery will also be performed when the gastro surgeon is required to switch from laparoscopic to open (which happens in 2% to 10% of cases), as when laparoscopic surgery is not a safe option or cannot be successfully continued. This change is made for different reasons, such as severe inflammation, adhesions, bile duct damage, anatomical uncertainties and uncontrolled bleeding during the laparoscopic surgery.

Open cholecystectomy indications

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferable method for many gallbladder issues. But still, some cases require traditional open cholecystectomy surgery.


Open cholecystectomy is usually performed when the person is experiencing pain or other symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, indigestion, heartburn, gas, bloating from gallstones and if the gallbladder is not working properly. Based on the patient's condition, the surgery begins as open or be switched to open from laparoscopic if needed. Planned open gallbladder surgery can be performed in some cases, such as

  • Cirrhosis and bleeding disorders
  • Gall bladder cancer
  • In pregnant patients (particularly in the third trimester)
  • In critically ill patients
  • Obesity
  • Severe liver problems
  • Pancreatitis (Inflammation of pancreas)
  • Past surgeries in the same area of stomach

Usually, gallbladder cancer cases are best treated with open cholecystectomy. In some instances, it is better to choose open surgery over laparoscopy, which includes:

  • Suspected or confirmed gallbladder cancer
  • Type II Mirizzi syndrome 
  • Gallstone ileus 
  • Severe cardiopulmonary disease

Open cholecystectomy contraindications

Absolute contraindications for open gallbladder surgery are uncommon. General contraindications for any other surgery, in general, applies (same as open surgery) to open cholecystectomy.



Relative contraindications to laparotomy-open cholecystectomy surgery include:

  • Shock
  • Advanced heart and lung issues
  • Recent stroke 
  • Blood thinners
  • Other life-threatening diseases (cancer, organ failure)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery

Lap cholecystectomy meaning


Laparoscopic (keyhole) cholecystectomy or lap cholecystectomy procedure is a minimally invasive procedure to remove a diseased gallbladder using a laparoscope. It is the "gold standard" for the surgical treatment of gallstone disease. Since the early 1990s, this method has largely replaced the traditional open approach for gallbladder removal. It has many benefits, such as less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, less invasive, and a quicker return to work after surgery.



Usually, it treats patients who develop symptoms such as pain or complications from gallstones or when the person has gallbladder dyskinesia (when the gallbladder contracts abnormally (spasm) and does not empty properly).

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy indications

Lap cholecystectomy is currently used for the treatment of:

  • Symptomatic cholelithiasis: Presence of gallstones in gallbladder, can lead to symptoms such as pain and discomfort
  • Biliary dyskinesia: (A condition in which the gallbladder doesn't function properly, where it is not contracting and ejecting bile effectively).
  • Acute or chronic cholecystitis: Inflammation of gallbladder (Acute or chronic)
  • Gallstone pancreatitis: Inflammation of pancreas due to gallstones
  • Acalculous cholecystitis: Inflammation of gallbladder without evidence of gallstones
  • Gallbladder masses or polyps: Non-cancerous lesions 


These uses are the same for an open cholecystectomy surgery.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy contraindications

There are no significant contraindications in performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hence, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is often preferable because it can be performed as an outpatient technique and reduces the recovery time, usually from several weeks to one week.



However, laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure is unsuitable for people unable to tolerate pneumoperitoneum or general anaesthesia. It is also contraindicated in persons who have uncorrectable coagulopathy and metastatic disease.

Lap vs Open cholecystectomy | Difference between laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs open cholecystectomy

Lap cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy are two different effective surgical procedures used to remove the gallbladder. Although these two are similar, they have some differences:

Elements Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Open cholecystectomy
Procedure Removal of gallbladder using laparoscope Removal of gallbladder without laparoscope
Incision Four small incisions in the abdomen (The number of cuts and their positions may differ from person to person) A single, large incision in abdomen
Invasiveness Less invasive More invasive
Hospital stay 0-1 day 3-4 days
Recovery time Shorter recovery time (1-2 weeks) Longer recovery time (6-8 weeks)
Risks Low risks High risks
Duration of procedure 1-2 hrs 30-90 mins
Post-operative pain Less postoperative pain More postoperative pain

Who is the ideal candidate for cholecystectomy surgery? 

The ideal candidate for cholecystectomy surgery (gallbladder removal surgery) is someone who experiences persistent gallbladder issues, such as sudden abdominal pain (biliary colic), swelling or inflammation of the gallbladder, gallbladder polyps and pancreas inflammation. Other factors, such as a person's age, weight, and overall health, can also play a significant role.

Before cholecystectomy surgery (gallbladder removal surgery)

Preoperative preparation for open or lap cholecystectomy surgery that includes:


  • A patient has to maintain a healthy weight, because being overweight can develop the risk of complications. Smoking also increase the risk of complications. To reduce the risk, the patient has to quit smoking before having surgery.
  • Before the laparoscopic or open gallbladder surgery, the patient must consult the gastro surgeon and discuss risks, benefits, options and costs. It includes the patient's medical medication history, and the gastro surgeon will perform physical examinations and tests before surgery.
  • During the week before surgery, patients may be asked to stop taking blood thinners and other drugs that put a person at a higher risk of bleeding during surgery.
  • Before the day of the open or lap cholecystectomy procedure, blood was drawn from the patient, and a urine sample was taken. This will help the gastro surgeon to look for conditions that may cause complications.
  • The gastro surgeon will take written consent for the operation from the patient. Before the surgery, blood pressure or diabetes will be checked and well controlled. All the queries related to open or laparoscopic gallbladder surgery and post-operative care will be clarified by healthcare team.


Instruments used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery: 

  • Two high-resolution colour monitors
  • Laparoscope
  • A high-flow CO2 insufflator
  • Trocar and cannulas
  • Grasping forceps
  • Scissors and Dissectors
  • Clip appliers
  • Electrocautery
  • An endoscopic suction-irrigation system
  • Retractors
  • Staplers
  • Suturing devices 
  • A 300W xenon light source

During cholecystectomy surgery (gallbladder removal surgery)

During the open cholecystectomy procedure:


Open cholecystectomy steps: 

  • Open cholecystectomy surgery is performed under general anaesthesia. This process takes about 1 to 2 hours. In this procedure, the gastro surgeon makes a cut of 5 to 7 inches (12.5 to 17.5 cm) in the upper right region of the patient's stomach, just below the ribs. To view the gallbladder, a gastro surgeon will open the area to separate it from other organs.
  • The gastro surgeon cuts the bile duct and the blood vessels that link to the gallbladder to remove from the body. A Dye is given (injected) into the bile duct during the surgery to take the cholangiogram (X-ray) to locate stones outside the gallbladder for removing them.


During the laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure: 


Lap cholecystectomy steps: Laparoscopic (keyhole) cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gall bladder by the laparoscope, using four small cuts (0.5 - 2.5 cm long) in the abdomen. The number of cuts and their positions may differ from person to person.

  • General anaesthesia will be given to make the patient unconscious. First, a small incision is made above the umbilicus. Then, a hollow needle is employed to insert through the abdominal wall. The gastro surgeon uses carbon dioxide to lift (inflate) the abdominal wall away from the organs, including the liver, gall bladder, stomach and other organs, to create space for surgery. 
  • A thin tube with a light and camera called a laparoscope is put through the umbilical port. Three small incisions will be made with care. Once placed, the laparoscope will give video images, which help the gastro surgeon locate and pull back the liver and gallbladder.
  • Afterwards, the gastro surgeon removes the attached connective tissue to expose the cystic duct and the artery. Surgical clips will be placed on the duct and artery that leads to the gallbladder to secure it from leakage or bleeding. Using clips, the surgical teams clamp off (press) the duct and artery, which are later cut to prepare the gallbladder for removal.
  • The gastro surgeon uses instruments (forceps and scissors) to remove the gallbladder and the remaining tissue connecting to the gallbladder. The gallbladder is pushed into a laparoscopic port, where it is taken out of the body.
  • All instruments are withdrawn from the abdomen once the gallbladder is removed and the CO2 is allowed to escape. The gastro surgeon sews the muscle layers and other tissues and closes the skin with sutures or staples. Finally, sterile dressings are applied to the wounds.


Usually, this surgery (lap cholecystectomy steps) takes 30 - 90 minutes, but it depends on the size and inflammation of the gallbladder. Sometimes, during the procedure, the bile duct is examined with X-rays to look for gallstones. After the removal, the patient's gallbladder is sent to the lab for analysis following the procedure.

After cholecystectomy surgery (gallbladder removal surgery)

After the open cholecystectomy procedure: 


Post open cholecystectomy the patient has to remain in the hospital for 3-5 days. The patient will be returned to day surgery or ward after staying sometime in the recovery area of the operating suite. Nurses will monitor the patient's progress and give painkillers.


Patients may be asked to breathe into an incentive spirometer device to keep the lungs working well, during that time. A fluid has to be given to the patient through an intravenous (IV) tube. Afterwards, liquids will be provided through the mouth. The patient has to wear pressure stockings on the legs to prevent the formation of blood clots. 


Open cholecystectomy recovery: The patient should be able to go home after 2 to 4 days and work after about six weeks (open cholecystectomy recovery after surgery 6-8 weeks). More extended hospitalisation is needed if the patients have problems such as pain, fever or bleeding.



After the laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure: 


Post lap cholecystectomy surgery, the patient will be returned to day surgery or ward after staying sometime in the recovery area of the operating suite. Nurses will monitor the patient's progress and give painkillers.

In this procedure, the patient may leave the hospital later that day, based on how well the patient is recovering from the operation and anaesthetic. The patient can take a normal diet soon after the operation. A healthy, balanced diet is the best approach.


Lap cholecystectomy recovery: It takes roughly 14 days to recover, and it is recommended to avoid driving during the first week after surgery. Avoid lifting heavy weights for at least two weeks to prevent a rupture where the cuts.


Visiting the emergency department is recommended for patients who have:

  • Return to original symptoms
  • Yellowing of eyes and skin
  • Swollen abdomen
  • High temperature (fever) of 100.4 F and chills
  • Large amounts of bloody discharge from cuts on the abdomen
  • Pain is not relieved by prescribed painkillers (Severe or increasing pain)
  • Dark urine and pale stools
  • Persistently feeling sick
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Cholecystectomy success rate

The success rate of cholecystectomy surgery, both open and laparoscopic, is around 96% to 97%. In general, people who undergo cholecystectomy have complete relief of their symptoms. However, there is a small risk of complications, such as infection, bleeding, and bile duct injury.


The success rate of open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery may be lower in people with certain medical conditions, such as large gallstones, severe inflammation of the gallbladder, chronic pancreatitis or liver cancer.

Conversion of lap cholecystectomy surgery in open cholecystectomy

One in 20 to 50 gallbladder removal surgery cannot be completed through gallbladder laparoscopic operation and must be changed to open operation. It involves the removal of laparoscopic instruments and a larger cut (10 - 15 cm long) in the abdomen.


Reasons for changing to open operation include:

  • Scarring of gallbladder or inflammation of gallbladder
  • Unable to see vital organs clearly
  • Adhesions from previous operations
  • Excessive bleeding
  • Severe obesity 
  • Stones in the bile duct

Gallbladder stone removal without surgery

Gallstones will be removed without removing the gallbladder with Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), and Oral dissolution therapy.


  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that can be used to clear gallstones from the bile duct. Hence, the gallbladder is not removed during this process, so any stones in the gallbladder will stay unless they're removed using other surgical approaches.
  • Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is a procedure that uses shock waves to break (smash) gallstones into tinier pieces, which helps to be more easily removed or treated with drugs. Oral medications will be used for people who have tiny gallstones and who don’t contain calcium.
  • Other options include Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), Endoscopic drainage and Transmural drainage.

Open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy risks

Risks after Open or laparoscopic gallbladder removal surgery can vary from person to person. Common risks include:

  • Infections: Antibiotics are given to treat infections 
  • Excessive Bleeding: Abdominal (open surgery) and emergency blood transfusion
  • Other organ injury: Needed more surgery to repair the injured organs
  • Gas embolus: It may require emergency treatment and can be dangerous
  • Stones in the bile tubes: Further surgery may be required to remove stones
  • Bile leak: This may need surgical drainage
  • Diarrhoea: This is less common and usually resolves within a few days.
  • Constipation: This is less common and usually resolves within a few days.
  • Wound infection: Usually, wounds are small in the laparoscope procedure and treated successfully with antibiotics and dressings.
  • Hernia: It is repaired by further surgery
  • Difficulty digesting fats: This is because the gallbladder is responsible for storing and releasing bile, which helps to break down fats. Without the gallbladder, the body may have difficulty digesting fats, which can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, and gas.
  • Post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS): This is a condition that can occur after gallbladder removal surgery. It is characterized by symptoms similar to those caused by gallstones, such as abdominal pain, indigestion, and diarrhea.
  • Adhesions (bands of scar tissue): Require further surgery to cut the adhesions (bands) and free the bowel
  • Chest infection: Small regions of the lung can collapse, which increases the risk of developing a chest infection. They may need physiotherapy and antibiotics.

Life after gallbladder removal surgery

Life after cholecystectomy surgery


Patients can lead a perfectly normal life without a gallbladder. In fact, most people report feeling better after surgery and being able to return to their normal activities within a few weeks. Still, the liver produces bile to digest food. However, it will drip continuously into the bowels instead of stored in the gallbladder. Some people may experience indigestion, which is temporary and gets better by having a low-fat diet. However, these are some things to keep in mind to adjust to life without a gallbladder:


Diet management


After gallbladder removal surgery, it is important to make some changes to your diet to help your body adjust. These changes include:

  • Eating smaller, more frequent meals: This will help to reduce the amount of work your digestive system has to do at once.
  • Drinking plenty of fluids: This will help to keep your digestive system hydrated and prevent constipation.
  • Avoiding fatty foods: Fatty foods can be difficult for your body to digest without a gallbladder.
  • Avoid triggered food: Avoid any foods that seem to trigger digestive problems.


Regular Exercise


Exercise is important for everyone, but it is especially important for people who have had gallbladder removal surgery. Exercise can help to improve digestion, reduce the risk of constipation, and promote overall health.


It is important to start slowly after surgery and gradually increase the amount of exercise you do. You should also avoid any exercises that put a lot of strain on your abdomen, such as lifting heavy weights or doing crunches.


Other lifestyle changes


In addition to diet and exercise, there are a few other lifestyle changes that you can make to adjust to life without a gallbladder. These changes include:

  • Getting enough sleep: Sleep is important for overall health and well-being. It is important to get at least 7-8 hours of sleep per night.
  • Managing stress: Stress can trigger digestive problems. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as exercise, yoga, or meditation.
  • Avoiding smoking and alcohol: Smoking and alcohol can irritate the digestive system and make digestive problems worse.
  • Avoid eating late at night: Eating late at night can give your digestive system less time to rest and digest your food.
  • Avoid lying down immediately after eating: This can cause food to back up into your esophagus and cause heartburn.

With a little health and lifestyle changes, most people can live normal, healthy lives without a gallbladder.

Diet after cholecystectomy surgery (gallbladder removal surgery)

Cholecystectomy diet


There are no strict restrictions on diet (food) after open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery (gallbladder removal surgery). However, After the surgery, patient have to live without gallbladder, so it can no longer stores bile. In first few weeks after surgery, patient should eat low fat food to adjust body without gallbladder after that people should go back to normal food.


Indian diet after gallbladder removal surgery


Patients should follow the below post cholecystectomy diet items in their regular food:

  • Drink plenty of fluids
  • Warm water, green tea or lemon tea with almonds
  • Limited amount of milk having less fat
  • Have a proper Indian breakfast without ghee and butter.
  • Use low-fat milk and curd
  • Egg white, bowl of fruits, small bowl of low-fat curd
  • Avoid fried, fatty and spicy foods


Some people may experience digestive problems even after cholecystectomy surgery because the gallbladder can no longer store and release bile. To manage these problems, patients eat (5-6) small, frequent meals and avoid heavy meals as they can cause excessive gastritis, flatulence and stomach ache, indigestion, which is temporary and gets better by having a low-fat diet.

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Gallbladder removal side effects

Cholecystectomy side effects


The side effects of gallbladder removal surgery, both open and laparoscopic, vary depending on the individual. Some people may experience no side effects at all, while others may experience mild to severe side effects.

1. Open cholecystectomy surgery side effects

Patients may experience some temporary open gallbladder removal surgery side effects, that include: 


Short-term side effects: The most common short-term side effects of open cholecystectomy surgery include:

  • Pain at the incision site
  • Swelling and bruising around the incision site
  • Fatigue
  • Gas and bloating
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation

These side effects are usually mild and go away within a few days or weeks.


Serious side effects: Less common, but more serious, side effects of open cholecystectomy surgery include:

  • Bleeding
  • Infection
  • Bile duct injury
  • Liver injury
  • Hernia at the incision site
  • Post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) 


Long-term side effects: Most people can live normal, healthy lives without a gallbladder. However, some people may experience long-term side effects after open cholecystectomy surgery, such as:

  • Difficulty digesting fats
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Abdominal pain
  • Bloating
  • Gas

2. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery side effects

Laparoscopic gallbladder removal surgery side effects are generally less severe than those of open cholecystectomy. However, some people may still experience short-term or long-term side effects.


Short-term side effects: The most common short-term side effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery include:

  • Pain at the incision sites
  • Swelling and bruising around the incision sites
  • Fatigue
  • Gas and bloating
  • Nausea and vomiting

These side effects are usually mild and go away within a few days or weeks.


Less common short-term side effects: Less common short-term side effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy include:

  • Bleeding
  • Infection
  • Bile duct injury
  • Liver injury
  • Shoulder pain (referred pain from the surgical site)
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Pneumonitis (inflammation of the lung)


Serious side effects: Serious side effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are rare, but can include:

  • Bile leakage
  • Bowel injury
  • Hernia at the incision site
  • Deep vein thrombosis (blood clots in the legs)
  • Pulmonary embolism (blood clots that travel to the lungs)
  • Heart attack
  • Stroke


Long-term side effects: Most people do not experience long-term side effects after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, some people may experience:

  • Difficulty digesting fats
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Abdominal pain
  • Bloating
  • Gas

These side effects are usually mild and can be managed with diet and lifestyle changes.

Cholecystectomy complications

Gallbladder removal complications


Open cholecystectomy complications: 

Open cholecystectomy surgery will cause more complications than laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The studies found that open procedures have a 16% complication rate, while laparoscopic surgery has a 9% (lower)because in open surgery, the incision (cut) is larger and more painful than in laparoscopic surgery. An open surgery needs a longer recovery period.


There is a high chance of developing conditions when performed through open cholecystectomy surgery, such as:

  • Hernia formation
  • Wound infection
  • Hematoma
  • Bile leaks
  • Bile duct injury
  • Retained bile duct stones
  • Damage to the blood vessels that link to the liver
  • Injury to small or large intestine
  • Pancreatitis

Risks of surgery and anaesthesia, in general are

  • Infection of the surgical site 
  • Breathing problems
  • Bleeding
  • Blood clots 
  • Reaction to medicines


Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: 

These are the serious laparoscopic gallbladder removal complications that include:

  • Heart attack or stroke
  • Blood clots in the leg (DVT)
  • Pulmonary embolism (In rare cases, clot in leg may break off and go to lungs)
  • Obese people have an increased risk of wound infection, thrombosis, chest infection, and lung and heart complications. Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy may vary from person to person.

Post-cholecystectomy syndrome treatment

Most patients recover from gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy) surgery within a few weeks. However, some patients may experience long-term issues, such as post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Post-cholecystectomy syndrome is an array of symptoms that can happen after the cholecystectomy surgery, including bloating, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and gas.


In the post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) patient management, multiple approaches can be considered:

In case of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): 

  • Bulking agents
  • Antispasmodics or sedatives

In case of Diarrhoea: 

  • Bile acid binder

In case of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD):

  • Antacids
  • Histamine-2 blockers
  • Proton-pump inhibitors
  • Dyspeptic symptoms (Indigestion):
  • Bile acid binders

The goal of treatment is to prevent complications and reduce morbidity.

Cholecystectomy vs Cholecystostomy | Percutaneous cholecystostomy vs laparoscopic cholecystectomy

These two procedures are different methods for treating gallstones and other gallbladder disease. These are the following differences:

Elements Cholecystostomy Cholecystectomy
Procedure A procedure to place a drain (thin tube) in the gallbladder to drain infected fluid from gallbladder Removal of gallbladder for the gallbladder issues such as gallstones etc.
Invasiveness Minimally Invasive Open cholecystectomy is More invasive and Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is Less invasive
Duration 10 min to 30 min 30 min to 2 hrs
Recovery time Shorter recovery time Recovery time is longer in open cholecystectomy and recovery time is shorter in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Frequently asked questions on cholecystectomy surgery (gallbladder removal surgery)


  • What is cholecystectomy surgery?

    Cholecystectomy procedure is a surgical removal of the gall bladder. The gallbladder is a tiny organ under the liver on the upper right side of the abdomen. It stores a digestive juice called bile, produced by the liver, that helps digest foods.


    Most cholecystectomy surgeries are performed to address symptoms caused by gallstones, like sudden abdominal pain (biliary colic), or to treat complications of gallstones, such as acute cholecystitis (swelling of the gallbladder) and biliary pancreatitis (pancreas inflammation). Sometimes, cholecystectomy surgeries are also performed when the gastro surgeon detects gallbladder issues while performing other abdominal operations.

  • What is laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

    Laparoscopic (keyhole) cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive procedure to remove a diseased gallbladder using a laparoscope. It is the "gold standard" for the surgical treatment of gallstone disease. Since the early 1990s, this method has largely replaced the traditional open approach for gallbladder removal.


    It has many benefits, including less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, less invasive, and a quicker return to work after surgery. Usually, it treats patients who develop symptoms such as pain or complications from gallstones or when the person has gallbladder dyskinesia (when the gallbladder contracts abnormally (spasm) and does not empty properly).

  • What are the complications of cholecystectomy?

    Complications of cholecystectomy are rare. However, they can occur in some cases, which include:

    • Bile duct injury
    • Bleeding
    • Bile leakage 
    • Infection
    • Hernia
    • Adhesions (bands of scar tissue)
  • What are cholecystectomy clips made of?

    The common way of sealing (closing) the cystic duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is done using titanium non-absorbable metal clips (>80%). Even though bile leakage occurs in about 0.4% to 2.0% of cholecystectomy surgeries.


    These clips will help to seal off blood vessels and close the cystic duct and artery, which can lead to the prevention of bleeding and bile leakage. These materials are safe for medical use in surgical procedures. The gastro surgeon may decide the choice of clip. 

  • Does cholecystectomy cause weight gain?

    No, Cholecystectomy cannot cause weight gain. Because the gallbladder doesn't have a major function in digestion, removing the gallbladder will not change the patient's digestion or metabolism and will not cause weight gain.

     

    It is a common misconception that people will gain weight after surgery. There are no studies to show that people will definitively gain weight after the removal of the gallbladder. Some patients who lose weight rapidly, such as after weight loss surgery, are at higher risk of having gallstones and gallbladder disease related to weight loss. Still, there is no risk of gaining weight after removing the gallbladder. Even if the patient has problems with the gallbladder due to gallstones, the gastro surgeon recommends that the patient's gallbladder be removed.

  • What causes post cholecystectomy syndrome?

    The common cause of post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) is the presence of stones (calculi) in the common bile duct or cystic duct remnant (remaining part of the cystic duct). Other causes are thought to be caused by either organic or functional problems with the gastrointestinal tract. 


    Post-cholecystectomy syndrome is a condition that can occur after gallbladder removal surgery. It is characterised by nausea, vomiting, heartburn, indigestion, diarrhoea, jaundice and fatty food intolerance.

  • What does converting from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy mean?

    One in 20 to 50 laparoscopic operations cannot be completed and must be changed to open operation. It involves the removal of laparoscopic instruments and a larger cut (10 - 15 cm long) in the abdomen. Reasons for switching to open operation include:

    • Scarring of gallbladder or inflammation of gallbladder
    • Unable to see vital organs clearly
    • Adhesions from previous operations
    • Excessive bleeding
    • Severe obesity 
    • Stones in the bile duct.
  • What is post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS)?

    Post-cholecystectomy syndrome is a condition that can occur after the gallbladder removal surgery. It is characterised by nausea, vomiting, heartburn, indigestion, diarrhoea, jaundice and fatty food intolerance. The common cause of post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) is the presence of stones (calculi) in the common bile duct or cystic duct remnant (remaining part of the cystic duct). Other causes are thought to be caused by either organic or functional problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

  • What to eat after cholecystectomy surgery?

    There are no strict restrictions on diet (food) after gallbladder removal. These are the foods that patients can have after the gallbladder removal:

    • Drink plenty of fluids
    • Warm water, green tea or lemon tea with almonds
    • Limited amount of milk having less fat
    • Have a proper Indian breakfast without ghee and butter.
    • Use low-fat milk and curd
    • Egg white, bowl of fruits, small bowl of low-fat curd
    • Avoid fried, fatty and spicy foods
    • Avoid alcohol after cholecystectomy.
  • Is Cholecystectomy safe?

    Yes, Cholecystectomy is considered to be a safe procedure. However, like any surgery, there is a risk of complications, such as wound infection, blood clots, wound infection, bile leaking into the tummy and bleeding.


    It is safe when performed by a board-certified, experienced gastro surgeon in an accredited facility with ICU and ventilator backup. So, it is recommended to always check the gastrosurgeon's credibility and hospital facility before getting the surgery.

  • What happens if gallbladder is removed?

    After the removal, the patient's gallbladder is sent to the lab for analysis, where it will be carefully sliced and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis and look for the presence of growths, which sometimes develop in the wall of the gallbladder. Patients can lead a perfectly normal life without a gallbladder. Still, the liver produces bile to digest food. However, it will drip continuously into the bowels instead of stored in the gallbladder. 

  • Is laparoscopic cholecystectomy a major surgery?

    No, it is not a major surgery. Laparoscopic (keyhole) cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive procedure to remove a diseased gallbladder using a laparoscope. It is considered a low-risk or minor surgery compared to other major surgical procedures. Since the early 1990s, this method has largely replaced the traditional open approach for gallbladder removal. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has many benefits, including less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, less invasive, and a quicker return to work after surgery.

  • Is gallbladder removal safe?

    Yes, Gallbladder removal is considered as safe. It is safe when performed by a board-certified, experienced gastro surgeon in an accredited facility with ICU and ventilator backup. So, it is recommended to always check the gastrosurgeon's credibility and hospital facility before getting the surgery. However, like any surgery, there is a risk of complications, such as wound infection, blood clots, wound infection, bile leaking into the tummy and bleeding.


    Patients can lead a perfectly normal life without a gallbladder. Still, the liver produces bile to digest food. However, it will drip continuously into the bowels instead of stored in the gallbladder. Some people may experience indigestion, which is temporary and gets better by having a low-fat diet.

  • Why remove gallbladder instead of stones?

    Gallstones are stone-like debris in the gallbladder. Gallbladder removal is often suggested when a person has gallstones because even if the gallstones are removed, there is a high chance of formation of more stones in future. Bile, a substance the liver produces to break down fat, is stored in the gall bladder. An imbalance in bile leads to gallstone formation, which can contribute to stone formation. Removal of the gallbladder can eradicate the possibility of gallstones in future.

  • Can gallstones be removed without removing the gallbladder?

    Yes, gallstones will be removed without removing the gallbladder with Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), and Oral Medications.


    Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that can be used to clear gallstones from the bile duct. Hence, the gallbladder is not removed during this process, so any stones in the gallbladder will stay unless they're removed using other surgical approaches. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is a procedure that uses shock waves to break (smash) gallstones into tinier pieces, which helps to be more easily removed or treated with drugs. Oral medications will be used for people who have tiny gallstones and who don’t contain calcium.


  • What are the side effects of gallbladder removal?

    Patients may experience some temporary side effects, that include:

    • Painful, swollen and bruised wounds: Starts within a few days, painkillers such as paracetamol may help reduce the pain and discomfort.
    • Pain in stomach and shoulders: Patients face these side effects due to the gas (CO2) used to inflate the abdomen, which should pass after a couple of days. Painkillers can be given to relieve pain and discomfort.
    • Bloating, diarrhoea and flatulence: These side effects can last a few weeks. Eating high-fibre food such as vegetables, fruit, brown rice etc can help to firm up the stools.

    All these side effects are completely normal and not a big concern. Consulting the gastro gastro surgeon is recommended if the patient is facing severe or persistent side effects.

  • How long does gallbladder removal surgery last?

    Cholecystectomy (gall bladder removal) procedure time can depend on the type of procedure and specific circumstances of the process, such as patient age, overall health, etc. There are two primary methods for removing the gallbladder:

    • The open cholecystectomy takes about 1 to 2 hours because it involves making a single large incision in the abdomen.
    • Laparoscopic cholecystectomy takes 30 - 90 minutes and involves four small incisions, but it depends on the size and inflammation of the gallbladder.
  • Can gallbladder removal cause jaundice?

    No, Gallbladder surgery cannot cause Jaundice. Generally, Jaundice does not occur after Gallbladder surgery. However, if some stones stay after gallbladder surgery, it can cause bile duct blockages that cause extreme pain or Jaundice. This can occur as a side effect of Gallbladder surgery.

  • How long does jaundice last after gallbladder removal surgery?

    Jaundice after gallbladder removal surgery is not a common occurrence. However, if it does occur, the duration of jaundice can vary depending on the underlying cause. Jaundice can usually be seen prior to surgery, but it is very uncommon after the removal of the gallbladder. This can be due to various factors, like the presence of stones that remain after surgery or obstruction of the Hepatic bile duct, etc. It's important to consult your doctor if there is jaundice after surgery.

  • Can gallbladder grow back after removal?

    No, the gallbladder cannot grow back once it is completely removed. The cystic duct is also removed along with the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a tiny organ under the liver on the upper right side of the abdomen. It stores a digestive juice called bile, produced by the liver, that helps digest fatty foods. It is not a regenerative organ. Instead, the liver compensates for the missing organ and stores the bile. Patients can lead a perfectly normal life without a gallbladder. Still, the liver produces bile to digest food. It will drip continuously into the bowels instead of stored in the gallbladder. 


How much does a Laparoscopic cholecystectomy cost in Hyderabad, Telangana?

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy cost in Hyderabad ranges varies from ₹ 75,000 to ₹ 1,45,000 (INR seventy-five thousand to one lakh forty-five thousand). However, price of cholecystectomy surgery (gallbladder removal surgery) in Hyderabad depends upon the multiple factors such as patient age, condition, and CGHS, ESI, EHS, insurance or corporate approvals for cashless facility.


Whereas open cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) surgery cost in Hyderabad ranges varies from ₹ 65,000 to ₹ 1,25,000 (INR sixty-five thousand to one lakh twenty-five thousand).

How much does Laparoscopic cholecystectomy cost in India?

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy cost in India, ranges vary from ₹ 70,000 to ₹ 1,65,000 (INR seventy thousand to one lakh sixty-five thousand) whereas open cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) surgery cost in India ranges varies from ₹ 55,000 to ₹ 1,35,000 (INR fifty-five thousand to one lakh thirty-five thousand). However, price of cholecystectomy surgery (gallbladder removal surgery) in India vary in different private hospitals in different cities.


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