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An ear infection (sometimes called acute otitis media) is an infection of the middle ear, the air-filled space behind the eardrum that contains the tiny vibrating bones of the ear. Children are more likely than adults to get ear infections. People prone to have multiple ear infections  can cause hearing problems and other serious complications.

Ear discharge, also known as otorrhea, is any fluid that comes from the ear. The job of earwax is to make sure that dust, bacteria, and other foreign bodies don't get into your ear. However, other conditions, such as a ruptured eardrum, can cause blood or other fluids to drain from your ear.

Earwax, also known by the medical term cerumen, is a brown, orange, red or yellowish waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and other mammals. Earwax consists of dead skin cells, hair, and the secretions of cerumen by the ceruminous and sebaceous glands of the outer ear canal.

Ear infections are a common cause of earaches or ear pain. Ear infections can occur in the outer, middle, and inner ear. Outer ear infection can be caused by swimming, wearing hearing aids or headphones that damage the skin inside the ear canal, or putting cotton swabs or fingers in the ear canal.

Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear. A deaf person has little to no hearing. Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears.

A hearing aid is a small electronic device that you wear in or behind your ear designed to improve hearing by making sound audible to a person with hearing loss so that a person with hearing loss can listen, communicate, and participate more fully in daily activities. A hearing aid can help people hear more in both quiet and noisy situations.

Hearing ability is important for children to develop speech and language skills as they grow. In the past, hearing loss in children often went undetected until the child was around two years old, when it became obvious that he or she wasn't talking yet. However, we now know that when it comes to treating hearing loss in kids, intervention should happen as early as possible. 

Even newborns can be tested and treated for hearing loss.

Research has demonstrated that treating hearing loss before a baby reaches six months of age results in significantly better outcomes than treating later. As a result, newborn hearing screening has become universal in hospitals. 

Tinnitus is the hearing of sound when no external sound is present. While often described as a ringing, it may also sound like a clicking, hiss or roaring. Rarely, unclear voices or music are heard. The sound may be soft or loud, low or high pitched, and appear to be coming from one or both ears.

Eustachian tubes are small tubes that run between your middle ears and the upper throat. Blocked eustachian tubes can cause pain, hearing difficulties, and a feeling of fullness in the ears. Such a phenomenon is referred to as eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). ETD is a relatively common condition.

Sagging earlobes are caused by the earlobe being pulled down by heavy, earrings. Sagging earlobes are quite unsightly and can make you look even older if you have wrinkles.

Sinusitis is an inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. Healthy sinuses are filled with air. But when they become blocked and filled with fluid, germs can grow and cause an infection.

Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose which occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air. Signs and symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, red, itchy, and watery eyes, and swelling around the eyes.

Epistaxis is defined as acute hemorrhage from the nostril, nasal cavity, or nasopharynx. It is a frequent emergency department (ED) complaint and often causes significant anxiety in patients and clinicians.

Nasal polyps are soft, painless, noncancerous growths on the lining of your nasal passages or sinuses. They hang down like teardrops or grapes. They result from chronic inflammation and are associated with asthma, recurring infection, allergies, drug sensitivity or certain immune disorders

Blocked Nose Many people think a stuffy nose is the result of too much mucus in the nasal passages. However, a clogged nose is actually caused by inflamed blood vessels in the sinuses. These irritated vessels are usually triggered by a cold, the flu, allergies, or a sinus infection

Deviated nasal septum A nose injury is a common cause of septum deviation.

In many cases, there may be no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they include a congested nostril, nosebleeds and noisy breathing during sleep.

Nasal septum deviation is a physical disorder of the nose, involving a displacement of the nasal septum. Some displacement is common, affecting 80% of people, mostly without their knowledge.

Only more severe cases of a deviated septum will cause symptoms of difficulty breathing and require treatment.[1] Symptoms of a deviated septum include infections of the sinus and sleep apnea, snoring, repetitive sneezing, facial pain, nosebleeds, difficulty with breathing and mild to severe loss of the ability to smell.

A CSF leak is a condition that occurs when the CSF leaks through a defect in the dura or the skull and out through the nose or ear. A CSF leak results from a hole or tear in the dura, the outermost layer of the meninges. Causes of the hole or tear can include head injury and brain or sinus surgery.

A nasal fracture, commonly referred to as a broken nose, is a fracture of one of the bones of the nose. Symptoms may include bleeding, swelling, bruising, and an inability to breathe through the nose. ... Nasal fractures are common, comprising about 40% of facial fractures. Males in their 20s are most commonly affected.

Rhinoplasty, commonly known as a nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the nose. There are two types of plastic surgery used – 

reconstructive surgery that restores the form and functions of the nose especially after broken nose. 

cosmetic surgery that improves the appearance of the nose.

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct and may be either congenital or acquired. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct leads to the excess overflow of tears called epiphora.

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side. Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck.

The adenoids (say: AD-eh-noyds) are a patch of tissue that sit in the back of the nasal cavity. Like tonsils, adenoids help keep your body healthy by trapping harmful bacteria and viruses that you breathe in or swallow. Adenoiditis is infection of adenoids symptoms include difficulty breathing, noisy breathing, fever.

Hoarseness or a change in your voice: One of the most common causes is acute laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx). This usually happens due to a cold, a chest infection or over use of the voice, such as shouting or screaming. Smoking can also cause hoarseness because it irritates the throat lining (mucous membranes).

Tongue Tie the condition is present at birth. A short, tight band of tissue tethers the tongue's tip to the floor of the mouth. It can affect how a child eats and speaks and can interfere with breastfeeding.

Symptoms include difficulty sticking out the tongue past the lower front teeth or lifting it to the upper teeth, although many people have no symptoms.

The condition often resolves itself. If not, it can be treated with surgery.

A ranula is a mucus extravasation cyst involving a sublingual gland and is a type of mucocele found on the floor of the mouth. Ranula  presents as a swelling of connective tissue consisting of collected mucin from a ruptured salivary gland caused by local trauma.

Speech and language disorders refer to problems in communication and related areas such as oral motor function. These delays and disorders range from simple sound substitutions to the inability to understand or use language or use the oral-motor mechanism for functional speech and feeding. Some causes of speech and language disorders include hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain injury, mental retardation, drug abuse, physical impairments such as cleft lip or palate, and vocal abuse or misuse. 

Obstructive sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder. It causes breathing to repeatedly stop and start during sleep. ... This type of apnea occurs when your throat muscles intermittently relax and block your airway during sleep. A noticeable sign of obstructive sleep apnea is snoring.

Swellings  in the head and neck region – most comon include the following .

a) A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland , can be seen as a swelling in the front of the neck. A goiter can occur with either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. It can sometimes also result from tumors or nodules that develop within the thyroid gland.

b) salivary glands swelling --  salivary stones are buildups of crystallized saliva deposits. ... When saliva can't exit through the ducts, it backs up into the gland, causing pain and swelling. Pain is usually off and on, is felt in one gland, and gets progressively worse.

c) Parotid Gland Swelling-  Parotid is a type of salivary gland  on both sides of the face, swelling of the gland can give "chipmunk cheeks" appearance to the face. Parotid  gland swelling is commonly associated with mumps  infections. It usually begins approximately 48 hours after the start of other symptoms such as fever and headache. Other causes of parotid gland swelling includes benign or malignanat tumors .

d) Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. Of the 800 lymph nodes in the human body, 300 are in the neck. Cervical lymph nodes are subject to a number of different pathological conditions including tumours, infection and inflammation.

Facial plastic surgery is a multidisciplinary specialty largely driven by otolaryngology but includes oral maxillary surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, and plastic surgery. It encompasses both reconstructive and cosmetic components. The scope of practice for facial plastic surgeons may include rhinoplasty, browlifts, blepharoplasty, facelifts, microvascular reconstruction of the head and neck, craniomaxillofacial trauma reconstruction, and correction of defects in the face after skin cancer resection. Facial plastic surgery also encompasses the use of injectable fillers, neural modulators (e.g., BOTOX  )  lasers, and other devices aimed at rejuvenating skin. Facial plastic surgery is a constantly evolving field with continuing innovative advances in surgical techniques and cosmetic adjunctive technologies. 

Facial paralysis is a loss of facial movement due to nerve damage. Your facial muscles may appear to droop or become weak. It can happen on one or both sides of the face. Common causes of facial paralysis include : infection or inflammation of the facial nerve. Swellings in head and neck compressiong the nerve , most commonly paroatid gland swellings.

Head and neck cancer is a group of cancers that starts in the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, sinuses, or salivary glands. Symptoms for head and neck cancer may include a lump or sore that does not heal, a sore throat that does not go away, trouble swallowing, or a change in the voice. 

30.Vertigo is the feeling that you or your environment is moving or spinning and most commonly can occur due to ear infections. When you feel as if you yourself are moving, it's called subjective vertigo, and the perception that your surroundings are moving is called objective vertigo.

Vertigo is the feeling that you or your environment is moving or spinning and most commonly can occur due to ear infections. When you feel as if you yourself are moving, it's called subjective vertigo, and the perception that your surroundings are moving is called objective vertigo.