Circumcision Surgery in Hyderabad, India | Cost & Procedure Benefits

Types of circumcision surgery

There are several techniques used for circumcision. Whatever the approach, the goal is to remove the outer and inner preputial skin without damaging the urethra or glans beneath.

Types of adult circumcision surgery

There are two recognized primary methods for executing a normal surgical circumcision: the sleeve technique and the dorsal slit technique. The way the foreskin is cut and removed varies most between these approaches. Both outcomes are comparable, and neither is better than the other. It is also appropriate to combine the two methods.

• Dorsal slit circumcision: In this method, a vertical incision is made on the top of the foreskin, which is then pulled back and removed. This technique is often used in situations where the foreskin is too tight or in emergency cases.
• Sleeve technique circumcision: Sleeve circumcision is a typical method of circumcision that takes around half an hour to complete. It is appropriate for infants, young boys, and adults, with a preference for young boys and adults. 

Infant circumcision surgery

When doing circumcision procedure in newborns, it just takes a few minutes. However, when performed in adults, it becomes more complex. Healing time and success are determined by the procedure used, as well as the surgeon's skill and expertise. The three most frequent methods for neonatal circumcision are outlined here.

• Plastibell circumcision: The plastibell circumcision method, often used for infants. A small plastic ring (Plastibell) is placed around the foreskin, and a suture is tied around the ring. The foreskin is then removed, and the ring remains in place until it falls off on its own, usually within a week.
• Mogen Clamp Circumcision: This method uses a clamp to crush the foreskin before cutting it away. It's often used for infants and is known for its relatively quick procedure time. However, it may have a higher risk of complications compared to other methods.
• Gomco circumcision: This commonly used approach (about 70%) was invented in 1950; however, it is heavy and difficult. Pulling the foreskin through the base's opening can be tricky. If the device is incorrectly sized or fails to fit together properly, an alternative approach should be utilized, or the treatment may be delayed. The device comes in a variety of sizes dependent on the diameter of the glans, with 1.3 cm being the most common. Gomco clamps are also utilized for WHO-sponsored mass circumcision programs in areas with high endemic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates.
  

Male circumcision styles 

Considering tightness and scar location, there are four circumcision styles. They are:

• High and tight
• High and loose
• Low and tight
• Low and loose

High and tight: One of the most commonly used circumcision styles is high and tight. It is a frequent technique for baby circumcisions performed in the United States.

A high and tight circumcision preserves much of the inner foreskin, which folds forward onto the shaft. The remaining outer foreskin, as well as some shaft skin, are removed to tighten the skin and permanently expose the penis head.

High and loose: Similar to a high-tight circumcision, a high-loose circumcision leaves much of the inner foreskin undamaged. The outer foreskin and shaft skin are retained in greater quantities, which may cause some bunching of the skin and/or partial covering of the penis head.

Low and tight: A low and tight circumcision involves removing the majority of the inner foreskin. The scar line is located at the penis' head. Some of the outer foreskin is removed to maintain strain on the shaft skin, resulting in a tight style with the penis' head permanently visible.

Low and loose: A low and loose circumcision removes the majority of the inner foreskin, while leaving most of the shaft skin and outer foreskin intact. This results in a circumcision with loose shaft skin, which might cause bunching or partial covering of the penis head. 

Circumcision surgery can be performed for a variety of medical and nonmedical reasons. Indications for circumcision include the following:

Indications for circumcision in adults

• Phimosis (tight foreskin): Phimosis is where the foreskin is too tight to be pulled back over the head of the penis (glans). This can sometimes cause pain when the penis is erect and, in rare cases, passing urine may be difficult.
• Recurrent balanitis (inflammation of the foreskin and head of the penis): Glans penis inflammation is called balanitis. Balanitis patients frequently present with penile discomfort, swelling, and erythema (redness) of the glans. 
• Paraphimosis: Paraphimosis occurs when the foreskin is unable to return to its previous position after being pulled back, causing swelling and pain in the head of the penis. It's a probable side effect of a tight foreskin (phimosis). Immediate treatment is required to avoid significant problems, such as reduced blood flow to the penis.
• Balanitis xerotica obliterans: In addition to the development of phimosis, this disorder can also occasionally result in inflammation and scarring of the penis head.
• Cancer of the penis: Penis cancer, also known as penile cancer, is an extremely rare kind of cancer that manifests as a wart-like growth or ulcer under the skin or on the tip of the penis, as well as bleeding, discharge, or skin abnormalities in these areas. 

Selective circumcision may be recommended in areas with high incidence of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection, some sexually transmitted illnesses like syphilis and chancroid (bacterial infection), and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, it does not provide protection against certain bacterial infections such as chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, or trichomonas vaginalis.

Indications for circumcision in infants

Parents frequently circumcise their children for religious or cultural reasons. Religions such as Christians, Muslims, and Jews all follow circumcision as per their religious beliefs. Circumcision is also common in several parts of Africa, Australia, and the Middle East. Other indications for circumcision in infants include:

• Personal cleanliness (hygiene) 
• Preventing illnesses including cancer, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• For familial reasons, such as the father's circumcision
• Personal reasons
  

The possible advantages of circumcision in male may include: 

• Reduced risk of sexually transmitted infections: Circumcision lowers the risk of HIV, syphilis, chancroid (a bacterial sexually transmitted illness that causes excruciating sores on the genitalia), and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It also minimizes the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) transmission to female sexual partners. 
• Reduced risk of urinary tract infections: Throughout life, and particularly in the first year of life, circumcision can lower the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by 20%. 
• Reduced risk of penile cancer: Later in life, circumcision can lower the risk of developing penile cancer. It may also decrease the risk of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) by thirty to thirty-three percent. 
• Reduced risk of other conditions: Circumcision lowers the incidence of balanitis, balanoposthitis, candidal infections, inflammatory skin disorders, phimosis, and paraphimosis. It can also help prevent foreskin infections. 
• Improved hygiene: Circumcision can enhance genital hygiene by removing smegma (a whitish, harmless, substance that is normally seen on both male and female genitals) and related odors (smell). 
• Other potential benefits: Lower incidence of trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis; higher quality-adjusted life years