हम पेस हॉस्पिटल्स, स्त्री रोग संबंधी समस्याओं के इलाज के लिए सभी प्रकार की बड़ी और अति-बड़ी सर्जरी करने के लिए अगली पीढ़ी के 3डी एचडी लेप्रोस्कोपिक सिस्टम, यूनिवर्सल सर्जिकल रोबोटिक सिस्टम से लैस हैं।
हैदराबाद में सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्रसूति एवं स्त्री रोग विशेषज्ञों की हमारी टीम को सुरक्षित चिकित्सीय गर्भपात / चिकित्सीय गर्भावस्था समाप्ति - एमटीपी प्रक्रिया करने का व्यापक अनुभव है।
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Thank you for contacting us. We will get back to you as soon as possible. Kindly save these contact details in your contacts to receive calls and messages:-
Appointment Desk: 04048486868
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Regards,
Pace Hospitals
Hitech City and Madinaguda
Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
MTP full form in medical - Medical Termination of Pregnancy
Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) refers to a medical procedure used to terminate a pregnancy with the help of medications.
Medical abortion (drug-induced) is an option for women from the 7th week of their pregnancies and up to the 24th week (it varies depending on various scenarios). If a medically-assisted abortion fails to terminate a pregnancy or is incomplete (for whatever reason), surgical treatment will be necessary.
Medical termination of pregnancy is lawful in India (as per Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act No. 34 of 1971, 2002 and 2021), provided the pregnancy does not last more than 24 weeks, and only the consent of a pregnant woman is required to terminate the pregnancy. However, a minor girl or a woman who is mentally ill and unable to take rational decisions will require permission from their parent/guardian. Except for those in Jammu and Kashmir, this act applied to all citizens in India.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy - MTP definition
Medical termination of pregnancy is indicated if there is a presence of the following conditions:
The medical termination / MTP procedure for unmarried women with a gestation period of up to 24 weeks was not allowed earlier as per the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 2021. In September 2022, it was legalised by the Indian judiciary with a verdict that all women have equal rights to have a safe and legal abortion up to 24 weeks of gestation, regardless of their marital status.
Although abortion is a highly personal decision, the Indian government has enacted legislation to control illegal abortions. This measure is known as the "Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act."
MTP meaning
In 1860, the British colonial government enacted the Indian Penal Code (IPC); according to articles 312-316 of the Indian Penal Code, "Inducing an abortion amounted to culpable homicide, and that any person performing it would be subject to imprisonment for three or more years and/or payment of a fine” with an exemption where an abortion can be performed if there is a life threat to the woman.
The existence of this Indian Penal Code led to the deaths of countless women who attempted abortions illegally (outside a hospital or care centres). This high mortality rate, along with the pressure of a growing population, prompted lawmakers to rethink the existing law as it was in 1971 and pass a new statute (a written law passed by a legislative body) to address the issues related to unsafe abortions. Thus, the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 was framed.
Medical abortion is generally safe, although certain risks and consequences should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Safety is determined by various aspects, including the overall health of the women and how far along in the pregnancy it is performed. Bleeding, infection, allergic responses to the medicine, vomiting and nausea are some side effects and complications of medical abortion.
In India, medical termination of pregnancy is legal under certain circumstances. As per the new writ petitions on September 2022, all women, irrespective of marital status, can have a medical abortion under the 24-week gestation. After 24 weeks, based on the case scenarios, the woman can go for medical termination if there is any clinical evidence of foetal abnormalities.
No, medical termination of pregnancy is not harmful to the mother if it is done within the 24th week of the gestation period and under the supervision of the obstetrician. However, it depends on the scenarios and the overall health of the women.
भारत में गर्भावस्था की चिकित्सा समाप्ति के लिए अधिकतम अवधि 24 सप्ताह से कम है। हालाँकि, 24 सप्ताह से अधिक के लिए, समाप्ति के लिए राज्य-स्तरीय चिकित्सा बोर्ड की राय की आवश्यकता होती है। हालाँकि, किसी भी भ्रूण संबंधी असामान्यताओं के मामले में जिसका निदान मेडिकल बोर्ड द्वारा किया जाता है, गर्भावस्था की अवधि (24 सप्ताह से कम) लागू नहीं होगी।
गर्भ का चिकित्सीय समापन अधिनियम 1971, 10 अगस्त 1971 को लागू हुआ। इसे पंजीकृत या लाइसेंस प्राप्त चिकित्सा पेशेवरों को कुछ निश्चित गर्भावस्थाओं को समाप्त करने और प्रक्रिया से संबंधित किसी भी अन्य मुद्दे को संभालने की अनुमति देने के लिए तैयार किया गया है।
यदि गर्भकाल बारह सप्ताह से अधिक न हो तो एक पंजीकृत प्रसूति विशेषज्ञ की सलाह के आधार पर गर्भपात की अनुमति है, जबकि यदि यह 12 सप्ताह से अधिक और 20 सप्ताह से कम हो तो दो पंजीकृत प्रसूति विशेषज्ञों की सलाह लेना अच्छा है। कुछ मामलों को छोड़कर यदि यह 20 सप्ताह से अधिक हो तो गर्भपात की अनुमति नहीं है।
गर्भ का चिकित्सीय समापन अधिनियम, 1971 के अनुसार, एक पंजीकृत चिकित्सक द्वारा निम्नलिखित प्रावधानों के तहत गर्भ को समाप्त किया जा सकता है:
इसके अतिरिक्त, गर्भ का चिकित्सीय समापन (एमटीपी) अधिनियम, 1971 की धारा 3 के अनुसार, निम्नलिखित पर विचार किया जाना आवश्यक है:
ऐसे मामले में जहां गर्भवती महिला के जीवन को बचाने के लिए गर्भपात की तत्काल आवश्यकता हो, वहां गर्भावस्था की अवधि (20 सप्ताह से कम) और दो प्रसूति विशेषज्ञों की राय लागू या अनिवार्य नहीं होगी।
इस अधिनियम ने गर्भपात के लिए संकेत का विस्तार किया, सुविधाओं और चिकित्सकों के लिए आवश्यकताओं को रेखांकित किया, तथा गर्भपात करने वाले प्रसूति विशेषज्ञों के लिए प्रशिक्षण को अनिवार्य कर दिया।
इस अधिनियम के अंतर्गत गर्भपात किसी अन्य स्थान पर नहीं किया जाएगा।
In order to ensure better and more general implementation and expanded access for women, especially in rural areas, the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 was revised in 2002, where a committee was set up by the government at the district level, with the Chief Medical Officer or District Health Officer as the committee's chairperson. In addition to the 1971 act, the district-level committee can approve additional places where a legal termination of pregnancy could be done.
Unfortunately, the act has not kept pace with advanced technology in foetal health diagnostics and abortion access for malformed foetuses (identifying foetal abnormalities).
In light of advancements in medical technology, such as genomics and ultrasonography, the MTP Act of 1971 and 2002 has become antiquated and inadequate in providing safe rights to women. A study was reported in 2015 where 1.56 crore abortions in India were reported, with 73% of those occurring in non-medical settings.
The medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 2021 act is an amendment to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 and 2002 as there is an advancement in technology, where ultrasonography and genetics enabled the prenatal (before birth or during pregnancy) diagnosis of having a variety of foetal abnormalities. These abnormalities can be identified after 20 weeks gestation period due to a variety of scientific and biological reasons, thereby highlighting the necessity to raise the gestational limit for abortion (more than 20 weeks).
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has been pressured by the concerned medical professionals to amend the MTP Act and bring it in line with worldwide norms due to the increase in writ petitions requesting termination of pregnancy in cases of significant foetal defects. As a result, the MTP Act 2021 (which is currently law) substantially revises the MTP Act of 1971 and 2002. These changes have provided more time for obstetricians, gynaecologists, and other specialists in the field of foetal medicine to make accurate diagnoses of foetal abnormalities.
As per this, termination can be performed on a woman by a registered medical practitioner on the advice of one obstetrician for up to 20 weeks for women who had conceived due to the failure of any device or method used by her or her partner for the purpose of limiting or preventing pregnancy.
In cases of survivors of rape, victims of incest, minors, women with physical disabilities and women with a change of marital status during an ongoing pregnancy (widowhood and divorce), if the length of the gestation period is less than 20 weeks, the advice of one obstetrician is required, and in cases of more than 20 weeks and less than 24 weeks, a two obstetricians’ opinion is need to have a safe termination. For more than 24 weeks, the state-level medical board's opinion is required for the termination.
The members of the Medical Board shall consist of the following:
The termination shall not be subject to the restrictions with respect to the duration of the pregnancy by the medical practitioner when necessary due to the presence of the significant foetal abnormalities identified by a Medical Board.
मेडिकल टर्मिनेशन ऑफ प्रेग्नेंसी (एमटीपी) अधिनियम का मुख्य उद्देश्य इसके प्रारंभिक संस्करण (अधिनियम 1971) में तैयार किया गया था। इसमें निम्नलिखित बातें कही गई हैं:
"पंजीकृत चिकित्सा व्यवसायियों द्वारा कुछ गर्भधारण के समापन तथा उससे संबंधित या उसके आनुषंगिक विषयों का उपबंध करने के लिए अधिनियम।"
इसका उद्देश्य मातृ स्वास्थ्य में सुधार लाना तथा असुरक्षित और अवैध गर्भपात के कारण भारत में होने वाली मृत्यु दर (मृत्यु दर) को कम करना है। इस अधिनियम के तहत, केवल कुछ निश्चित गर्भावस्थाओं को ही चिकित्सा पेशेवरों द्वारा समाप्त करने की अनुमति है।
Possible complications of medical termination in pregnancy can vary depending on the type of technique used.
Medical termination:
Surgical termination:
Medical termination is a common procedure to have a safe abortion, but it is not an option for everyone. Women with the following conditions are not allowed to have a medical termination of pregnancy:
Before initiating a medical abortion, the healthcare provider would like to know the following:
The obstetrician will explain the complete procedure, how it works, the side effects, and possible risks and complications.
The patient needs to understand the entire process and how the MTP kit / medication work, the risks and complications involved and should be clear on all questions or concerns, if any, before the start of the process. Also, the patient needs to sign the consent form as a token of acceptance to have a medical termination.
गर्भपात की इस तकनीक में एनेस्थीसिया की ज़रूरत नहीं होती क्योंकि यह कोई सर्जिकल प्रक्रिया नहीं है। इस तकनीक को क्लीनिक में या घर पर किसी प्रसूति रोग विशेषज्ञ या स्त्री रोग विशेषज्ञ की देखरेख में किया जा सकता है।
प्रसूति विशेषज्ञ मौखिक या प्रशासन के विभिन्न तरीकों के माध्यम से संयोजन में सुरक्षित दवाएँ / एमटीपी किट प्रदान करेंगे। यह आहार खाद्य एवं औषधि प्रशासन (एफडीए) द्वारा अनुमोदित है, और दवाएँ आम तौर पर अंतिम मासिक धर्म के पहले दिन से सात सप्ताह के भीतर दी जाती हैं। प्रसूति विशेषज्ञ अलग-अलग अंतराल पर दवाएँ लिख सकते हैं।
मेडिकल गर्भपात की गोलियाँ एक चिकित्सा प्रक्रिया में उपयोग की जाती हैं जिसके परिणामस्वरूप गर्भाशय में ऐंठन और रक्तस्राव होता है। यह भी संभव है कि वे निम्नलिखित को जन्म दे सकती हैं:
स्वास्थ्य देखभाल टीम द्वारा मरीजों को सलाह दी जाएगी कि एमटीपी के बाद निम्नलिखित लक्षण दिखाई देने की संभावना है, जो सफल गर्भपात का संकेत हो सकते हैं।
मेडिकल गर्भपात के बाद, रोगी को पर्याप्त उपचार सुनिश्चित करने और गर्भाशय के आकार, रक्तस्राव और संक्रमण के किसी भी लक्षण की जांच करने के लिए अपने प्रसूति विशेषज्ञ के पास जाना चाहिए। संक्रमण होने के जोखिम को रोकने के लिए, रोगी को गर्भपात के दो सप्ताह बाद तक योनि में कुछ भी नहीं डालना चाहिए।
प्रसूति विशेषज्ञ अनुवर्ती मुलाक़ात के दौरान गर्भावस्था के बारे में रोगी की भावनाओं, रक्तस्राव की नियमितता और ऐसे अन्य सवालों के बारे में पूछ सकते हैं। यदि प्रसूति विशेषज्ञ को अपूर्ण गर्भपात या निरंतर गर्भावस्था का पता चलता है, तो अल्ट्रासाउंड और, शायद, सर्जिकल गर्भपात आवश्यक हो सकता है।
यदि रोगी उदास, उदास महसूस कर रही हो और उसमें मिश्रित भावनाएं (अपराधी, शर्मिंदा और कलंकित) हों, तो प्रसूति विशेषज्ञ परामर्श सत्र आयोजित करने का सुझाव दे सकते हैं।
चिकित्सीय गर्भपात के लाभ निम्नलिखित हैं:
इसे "मेडिकल गर्भपात" के नाम से भी जाना जाता है और यह गर्भावस्था को समाप्त करने की एक ऐसी विधि को संदर्भित करता है जिसमें शल्य चिकित्सा हस्तक्षेप के बजाय दवाओं का उपयोग किया जाता है। एक गर्भवती महिला भ्रूण के विकास को रोकने के लिए दवा लेगी, और यह गर्भावस्था में एक विशिष्ट अवधि तक गर्भावस्था को समाप्त करने का एक सुरक्षित और प्रभावी तरीका है, आमतौर पर पहले तीन से छह महीनों के भीतर।
Medical termination of a pregnancy after 28 weeks is considered "late-phase" and thus not a healthy suggestive for the mother. A 28-week gestation is more than half the foetal developmental stage (39-42 weeks), and the mother or woman are at high risk of having severe complications if she undergoes medical termination.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act 2021 was passed in Rajya Sabha on 16th March 2020 and Lok Sabha on 17th March 2020 and entered into force on 25th March 2021 with the goal of regulating the circumstances under which a pregnancy may be terminated.
The key highlights of the Medical Termination of pregnancy (Amendment) Act 2021 are:
Yes, medical termination of pregnancy is legal in India, under the supervision of medically qualified professionals and under the protection of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 2021 that allows abortions up to 24 weeks for certain women (increased from 20 weeks as per the previous act, 1971); these women include single and married women who have been divorced, widowed, rape victims, age less than 18 or women who are mentally ill.
However, for minors and the mentally ill, consent is required from the patient's guardian or parent.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act focused on enhancing maternal health and lowering the mortality rate (death rate) in India as a result of unsafe and illegal abortions. This act allows medical providers to terminate only certain pregnancies.
Pros:
Cons:
MTP procedure cost in India ranges from ₹ 6,000 to ₹ 10,000 (INR six thousands to ten thousands) if performed through medications, in case of surgery cost of Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) may vary from ₹ 28,000 to ₹ 35,000 (INR twenty-eight thousands to thirty-five thousands), depending upon the different hospitals in different cities.
हैदराबाद में एमटीपी की लागत ₹ 5,000 से ₹ 9,000 (पांच हजार से नौ हजार रुपये) तक होती है, यदि इसे चिकित्सकीय रूप से किया जाता है, तो सर्जरी के मामले में एमटीपी (गर्भावस्था का चिकित्सा समापन) की लागत ₹ 26,000 से ₹ 32,000 (छब्बीस हजार से बत्तीस हजार रुपये) तक हो सकती है।
हालांकि, मेडिकल गर्भपात की लागत कई कारकों पर निर्भर करती है जैसे कि प्रक्रिया का प्रकार, सर्जरी के मामले में - अस्पताल में रहने के लिए कमरे का चयन और कॉर्पोरेट, सीजीएचएस, ईएचएस, ईएसआई या कैशलेस सुविधा के लिए बीमा अनुमोदन।
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