World Leprosy Day, 28 January 2024 - Theme, History & Importance

World Leprosy Day (WLD) is a global healthcare event to raise awareness of leprosy, which has been recognised on the last Sunday of every January for the past 69 years. This year, World Leprosy Day 2023 is observed on 28 January, Sunday.

In India, leprosy awareness event is recognised as “Anti-Leprosy Day” which is celebrated on 30 January, Monday, on the occasion of Martyr's Day (Shaheed Diwas) because Mahatma Gandhi was committed deeply to the cause of Leprosy (Hansen's disease).

Various global and local organisations come together on this day to promote awareness campaigns and activities to spread the word that leprosy is preventable by early diagnosis, proper treatment, and adherence to the prescribed course. The goal for this day is not only to educate people about the condition, but also to bring attention to individuals affected by it.

World Leprosy Day 2023 Theme

This year, 2024, the World Leprosy Day Theme is "Beat Leprosy". The theme emphasizes the day's two objectives: eliminating the stigma associated with leprosy and enhancing the dignity of those affected by the disease.

The theme "Beat Leprosy" is a strong reminder of the importance of addressing leprosy's social and psychological components and the medical efforts to eradicate the illness. It envisions a society where leprosy is no longer a cause of stigma but rather a chance to show compassion and respect for every individual.

Year by year theme of World Leprosy Day (WLD):

• World Leprosy Day 2023 Theme: Act Now. End Leprosy
• World Leprosy Day 2022 Theme: United for Dignity
• World Leprosy Day 2021 Theme: Beat Leprosy, End Stigma and Advocate for Mental Well-Being
• World Leprosy Day 2020 Theme: Ending discrimination, stigma and prejudice, is fundamental to ending leprosy
• World Leprosy Day 2019 Theme: Ending discrimination, stigma, and prejudice
  

Importance of World Leprosy Day

Although the World Health Organization (WHO) declared leprosy as an "eliminated" global public health problem in 2005, over 2 lakh new cases are recorded each year all over the world. In the year 2021, leprosy had a reported prevalence of 1,33,781 cases and an incidence (new cases) of 1,40,546 globally, with females accounting for 39.97% (55,346) of new cases and grade 2 handicap accounting for 6.04 % (8,490).

The WHO African and South-East Asia Regions, such as Brazil, India, and Indonesia, account for the majority (74 %) of new cases in 2021.In India, the prevalence of leprosy is 0.4 per 10,000 population. In 2020-2021, among the new cases detected, 58.1% were multibacillary (MB), 39 % were women, and 5.8 % were children (<14 years).

Leprosy, commonly known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a specific form of bacteria that attacks the neurological system of humans. It mostly affects the hands, feet, and face.

Leprosy is more common in nations with few resources and among the dense populations there. Many people have trouble getting the care they need because of the high expense of visits to the doctor and the lengthy travel time required to reach specialists and clinics that specialise in treating Hansen's disease (leprosy).

The World Health Organization (WHO) has a program that gives free treatment, yet many people still don't utilize their services. People with Hansen's disease (leprosy) are still stigmatised, which can delay their diagnosis and lead to further problems.

Education about the disease and improved access to essential health treatments are crucial to eradicate the stigma associated with leprosy. Various studies have been conducted on national and international platforms that demonstrate leprosy awareness programs have increased the voluntarily reported rate, thereby improving the diagnosis rate.

The World Health Organization (WHO) published a technical guide in 2020 called “Leprosy/Hansen Disease: Management of Reactions and Prevention of Disabilities.” Its goal was to teach medical professionals how to recognise and treat Lepra reactions caused by the body's immune response to the invading microorganism, Mycobacterium leprae.

History of World Leprosy Day

Raoul Follereau, a French philanthropist, founded World Leprosy Day in 1953. Follereau established World Leprosy Day to educate the public about leprosy by addressing past misconceptions about the disease and providing primary medical care. The term Hansen’s disease was coined by a Norwegian scientist named Gerhard-Henrik Armauer Hansen, who stated leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and it doesn't carry from parents to children.

Prevention of Leprosy (Hansen's disease)

The following factors can be used to prevent Leprosy (Hansen's disease):

• Taking BCG vaccination might provide 50% protection against the mycobacterium leprae
• Early diagnosis and treatment for people affected with leprosy
• Maintain a good hygienic environment
• Drinking lukewarm water
• Intake of diet rich in nutrients such as vitamins (A, C, D, E and B12), & minerals such as zinc, magnesium and selenium

Department of Neurology