World Organ Donation Day 13 August, 2024 - History, Importance and Facts

World Organ Donation Day is observed on August 13 every year globally to raise awareness about the importance of organ donation and to make people aware of the misconceptions of organ donation. The sole aim of the organizations involved in these noble event is mainly to encourage and educate people on the importance of donating organs after death to save more lives. Organ donations such as kidneys, heart, pancreas, eyes and lungs can save the lives of people suffering from chronic diseases.

Donating an organ is the process of allowing one person, with their consent, to have their organs legally removed and transplanted to another person, where the donor can be living or dead and a close relative.

Organ failure has been one of the leading morbidities, with more lives lost in the pandemic and the past. Many needy patients lose their lives because of the lack of organ availability. One initiative can save up to eight lives by donating hearts, kidneys, pancreas, lungs, livers, intestines, hands, faces, tissues, bone marrow and stem cells.

World Organ Donation Day Slogan

History of Organ Donation Day

Ronald Lee Herrick was the first person to donate his organ. In 1954, he denoted his kidney to his twin brother, and Dr Joseph Murray was the doctor who carried out this successful organ transplantation process. Later in 1990, He was honoured with Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for bringing advances in organ transplantation.

Concerning the organ donation initiatives, different parts of the world tackle the unawareness and importance of organ donation based on their conditions and capacity. In India, to promote the act of organ donation, national organ day was celebrated on 27th Nov, which was started in 2010 under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare by the National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO) until 2022.

In 2023, the India organ donation day is shifted to 3rd of August, commemorating India's first successful deceased-donor heart transplant on August 3rd, 1994.

Importance of Organ Donation Day

Organ donation plays an essential role in saving lives. Organ donation gives new life to people suffering from organ failure. Medical improvements over the years regarding organ donation has successfully unveiled the myths associated with organ donation.

It is a day to convey the importance of organ donation. The purpose of this day is to help people understand that volunteering for organ donation can change many people's lives. Organ donations can be made at any age, but donors under 18 must have parental or guardian consent to register.

Types of Organ Donation

There are two forms of organ donation: living donation and cadaver donation. In a living donation, the donor is alive, but in a cadaver, the donor donates after death.

Living donors are the organ donors who can donate organs such as kidneys and parts of the liver. Humans can survive with one kidney, and the liver is the only organ in the body known to regenerate, making it possible to transplant these organs while the donor is still alive.

A healthy donor is most important. An organ donation can be done by anyone regardless of age, caste or religion. However, it is imperative to ensure that aspiring organ donors do not suffer from chronic illnesses such as HIV, cancer, heart and lung disease.

List of Organs that can be donated

Organs that can be donated by living donors

• One kidney
• One lung
• A part of the liver
• A part of the pancreas
• A part of the intestine

Organs that can be donated when donor is deceased

• Kidneys (2)
• Liver
• Lungs (2)
• Heart
• Pancreas
• Intestines
• Hands and Face

Some facts about Organ Donation

• In the case of natural death tissues of cornea, heart valves, bone and skin can be donated whereas other vital organs like heart, liver, intestines, kidneys, lungs, and pancreas can only be donated in the case of brain death.
• There is no specific age for organ donation, but the donor's medical conditions are strictly verified and monitored.
• If someone younger than 18 wants to donate an organ, they must have consent signed by their parents or guardians.
• In 2015, an infant who donated a kidney to an adult with renal failure became the youngest organ donor. The infant lived only 100 minutes after birth.
• The oldest known donor is from Scotland, who donated a cornea after a 107-year-old woman died in 2016. The oldest known organ donor was a 95-year-old man from West Virginia who donated his liver after he died for a liver transplantation.
• India has Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation Act to regulate organ donation in the country. The law allows both dead and living people to donate organs. 
• According to the World Health Organization, about 0.01% of people in India donate their organs after death.
• There is only 3% of registered organ donors in India.
• According to 2019 AIIMS data, 1.5-2 lakhs of people require a kidney transplantation yearly, but only about 4% able to get it. Similarly, approximately 80,000 patients require liver transplantation yearly, but only 1,800 ultimately receive it.