How and Why Breast Cancer Happens – Expert Insights

Overview

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. However, when detected early, it is highly treatable and often curable. Understanding how and why breast cancer develops, recognizing early warning signs, and seeking timely medical help can save lives.

At PACE Hospitals, Hyderabad, our multidisciplinary team of oncologists, surgeons, and radiologists is dedicated to comprehensive breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. We combine advanced screening technology with compassionate, patient-centered care to help women make informed decisions about their health.

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the breast tissue grow uncontrollably and form a lump or tumor. It can originate in the lobules (milk-producing glands) or ducts (pathways that carry milk to the nipple) and, if untreated, may spread to lymph nodes and other organs.

While women are primarily affected, men can also develop breast cancer, although it’s rare.

Causes and Risk Factors

Breast cancer develops due to a combination of genetic, hormonal, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

1. Genetic Factors

• Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes significantly increase risk.
• Family history of breast, ovarian, or prostate cancer raises susceptibility.

2. Hormonal and Reproductive Factors

• Early menstruation (before age 12) or late menopause (after age 55).
• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause.
• Late pregnancy or not breastfeeding may slightly elevate risk.

3. Lifestyle Factors

• Sedentary lifestyle, high-fat diet, and obesity.
• Regular alcohol consumption or smoking.
• Chronic stress and poor sleep patterns.

4. Environmental Factors

• Exposure to radiation or endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

PACE Hospitals’ oncologists emphasize periodic risk assessment for women with a strong family history or known genetic predispositions.

Early Signs and Symptoms

Detecting breast cancer early dramatically improves survival rates. Women should regularly observe and examine their breasts for any changes.

Common symptoms include:

• A new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm.
• Change in breast size, shape, or skin texture (dimpling or puckering).
• Nipple discharge, especially if bloody.
• Pain or tenderness in the breast not related to menstruation.
• Redness, swelling, or warmth over the breast skin.

If you notice any of these signs, book a breast specialist consultation at PACE Hospitals immediately.

How Is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?

At PACE Hospitals, Hyderabad, we follow an advanced diagnostic protocol combining clinical expertise with cutting-edge technology.

Diagnostic Steps:

• Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) – Performed by an oncologist or breast surgeon.
• Mammography – Low-dose X-ray to detect tumors before they are palpable.
• Breast Ultrasound – Determines whether a lump is solid or fluid-filled.
• MRI Breast – Recommended for high-risk women or dense breast tissue.
• Biopsy – Confirms malignancy and determines cancer type and grade.
• Hormone Receptor Tests – Evaluate estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 status to plan targeted therapy.
  

Types of Breast Cancer

• Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS): Early, non-invasive cancer confined to ducts.
• Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): Most common; can spread to nearby tissues.
• Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Originates in lobules and may affect both breasts.
• Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Aggressive type lacking hormone receptors.
• HER2-Positive Cancer: Fast-growing but responsive to targeted drugs.

Treatment Options at PACE Hospitals

PACE Hospitals provides personalized, stage-specific breast cancer care, integrating modern therapies with supportive rehabilitation.

1. Surgery

• Lumpectomy: Removal of tumor with preservation of breast tissue.
• Mastectomy: Complete breast removal for extensive disease.
• Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Checks lymph node spread.

2. Radiation Therapy

Destroys residual cancer cells post-surgery to prevent recurrence.

3. Chemotherapy

Administered before or after surgery to shrink or eliminate cancer cells.

4. Hormonal Therapy

Used for hormone receptor-positive cancers to block estrogen’s effects.

5. Targeted Therapy

Drugs like trastuzumab and pertuzumab for HER2-positive cancers improve survival.

6. Immunotherapy

For selected patients, especially with triple-negative cancer, to boost immune response.

PACE Hospitals’ oncology team ensures each patient receives individualized treatment plans, emotional support, and survivorship guidance.

Prevention and Early Detection

While some risk factors like genetics can’t be controlled, lifestyle modifications can significantly lower breast cancer risk.

• Preventive Measures
  
• Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly.
  
• Limit alcohol and avoid smoking.
  
• Eat antioxidant-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
  
• Breastfeed if possible — it provides protective benefits.
  
• Get regular mammograms and clinical check-ups starting at age 40, or earlier if high-risk.

PACE Hospitals runs women’s wellness programs offering annual breast screening packages and awareness campaigns emphasizing early detection.

Life After Breast Cancer

With advances in early detection and therapy, breast cancer survival rates are rising. Survivorship care includes:

• Hormonal follow-ups and routine imaging.
• Lymphedema management.
• Psychological counseling and nutrition guidance.
• Breast reconstruction surgery options for improved body confidence.

PACE Hospitals supports survivors with comprehensive post-treatment rehabilitation and counseling programs to restore quality of life.

Conclusion

Breast cancer awareness, early detection, and timely treatment save lives. Understanding its causes, risk factors, and warning signs empowers women to take charge of their health.

At PACE Hospitals, Hyderabad, our Breast Oncology Team provides complete care—from screening and diagnosis to surgery, chemotherapy, and follow-up support—ensuring patients receive world-class, compassionate treatment every step of the way.