Comprehensive Care for Andrology Diseases and Disorders

At PACE Hospitals, the Andrology Department provides expert care for male reproductive and urological conditions. Using advanced diagnostics and personalized treatments, the team offers both medical and surgical solutions to improve health and quality of life.

Sexual & Ejaculatory Disorders

Conditions that affect sexual performance, desire, and the timing or control of ejaculation.

Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

Erectile dysfunction refers to the inability to achieve or sustain an erection firm enough for sexual activity. It is a common condition that can be influenced by various factors, such as physical health problems, emotional or psychological issues, and lifestyle choices. Men with ED experience a lack of sexual desire or struggle to maintain an erection during intercourse; this situation can be frustrating or create stress in intimate relationships.

Premature Ejaculation (PE)

Premature ejaculation is when a man ejaculates sooner than desired during sexual activity, typically with minimal stimulation. This can occur before or shortly after penetration, leading to dissatisfaction for both the individual and their partner. It is one of the most common sexual dysfunctions in men, often linked to anxiety, stress, or relationship issues, but can also stem from underlying health conditions.

Priapism 

It is the condition in which an erection persists for an unusually long time, typically more than four hours, and occurs without sexual arousal. The erection can be painful and result in damage to the penile tissue if left untreated. It is caused by abnormal blood flow and can be triggered by certain medications, blood disorders, or neurological conditions.

Delayed ejaculation

Delayed ejaculation is a condition in which ejaculation takes much longer than expected during sexual activity, even with adequate stimulation. In some cases, ejaculation may not happen at all. It can be linked to stress, anxiety, nerve problems, diabetes, certain medicines, or hormonal issues.

Retrograde ejaculation

Retrograde ejaculation is when semen moves backward into the bladder instead of coming out through the penis during orgasm. It is not usually painful, but it may cause little or no semen to come out, and the urine may look cloudy afterwards. It can happen due to diabetes, nerve damage, or after prostate-related treatment or surgery.

Penile & Structural Conditions

Disorders related to the structure, development, or physical health of the penis.

Phimosis 

Phimosis is a condition where the foreskin of the penis is too tight to be pulled back over the head (glans). It is common among young children and it generally resolves naturally with age, but in adolescents and adults, it may occur due to repeated infections, poor hygiene, or scarring. Symptoms may include difficulty retracting the foreskin, pain during erections, redness, swelling, or infections. In some cases, it can lead to discomfort during urination or sexual activity.

Paraphimosis 

Paraphimosis occurs when the foreskin is pulled back behind the head of the penis and cannot be returned to its normal position. This leads to swelling and can restrict blood flow, making it a medical emergency. It may happen after catheter placement, improper handling of the foreskin, or untreated phimosis. Symptoms generally includes pain, swelling of the penis, a tight band of foreskin behind the glans, and difficulty urinating. Immediate medical attention is crucial to prevent complications.

Balanitis 

Balanitis is inflammation of the head of the penis. It is commonly caused by infections, not adequate hygiene, diabetes, or irritation from soaps or chemicals. Patients typically experience redness, itching, pain, swelling, discharge with an unpleasant odour, and difficulty retracting the foreskin. Proper hygiene and treatment of the underlying cause are essential to relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence.

Peyronie’s disease 

Peyronie’s disease is a condition where fibrous scar tissue develops inside the penis, causing it to bend or curve abnormally during erections. The exact cause is not always clear, but it is often linked to minor injury, repeated trauma, or genetic factors. Symptoms involve a noticeable curvature of the penis, pain during erections, lumps or hard areas under the skin, and difficulty with sexual activity.

Hypospadias 

Hypospadias is a birth condition in which the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip. It occurs during fetal development and is usually present at birth. The exact cause is not always known, but it may be linked to genetic factors or hormonal influences during pregnancy. Symptoms can vary depending on severity and may include an abnormal position of the urinary opening, a downward curve of the penis, spraying of urine instead of a straight stream, and difficulty with urination in some cases.

Epispadias 

This is a rare congenital condition where the urethral opening is located on the upper (top) side of the penis rather than at the tip. It is often associated with a more complex condition called bladder exstrophy. The condition develops during early fetal growth, and the exact cause is not fully understood. 

Testicular, Scrotal & Fertility Disorders

Conditions involving the testicles and scrotum that may impact comfort, function, and male fertility.

Varicocele

Varicocele is a condition in which the veins within the scrotum become enlarged due to improper functioning of the valves in the veins. This causes blood to pool, leading to swelling similar to varicose veins in the legs. It is a relatively common condition, often developing gradually and more frequently seen on the left side of the scrotum. Many patients may not notice any symptoms in the early, and the condition is sometimes discovered during a routine examination. When symptoms occur, patients may experience a dull aching pain or discomfort in the scrotum, especially after standing for long periods or physical activity. Some may feel heaviness in the testicles or notice visibly enlarged veins that may feel like a “bag of worms.”

Hydrocele

A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac that causes swelling in the scrotum (the pouch holding the testicles). It is common in newborns, often resolving on its own within a year, but it can occur in older men due to injury or infection. While often painless, it can feel like a heavy or soft swelling.

Epididymitis

Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis (a small coiled tube located at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm). It is most commonly caused by bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections or sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea. This condition may cause pain and swelling in one testicle, a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, and sometimes fever or discomfort while passing urine.

Orchitis

Orchitis refers to inflammation of one or both testicles, which is caused by viral infections such as mumps or sometimes by bacterial infections. It can lead to symptoms like testicular pain, swelling, tenderness, fever, and a general feeling of illness. In some cases, orchitis may occur along with epididymitis (epididymo-orchitis). Early medical care helps reduce discomfort and prevent complications, and treatment depends on the underlying cause.

Testicular atrophy

Testicular atrophy means a decrease in the size of one or both testicles. This can happen due to various reasons such as hormonal imbalance, previous infections (like mumps orchitis), injury, or reduced blood supply. Patients may notice shrinkage of the testicle, reduced firmness, or sometimes associated symptoms like decreased fertility or reduced sexual function.

Testicular torsion 

Testicular torsion is a medical emergency where the spermatic cord (which supplies blood to the testicle) twists, cutting off blood flow. It usually causes sudden, severe pain in the scrotum, along with swelling, nausea, and sometimes abdominal pain. This condition requires immediate medical attention, as delayed treatment can lead to permanent damage or loss of the testicle.

Cryptorchidism 

Cryptorchidism is a condition where one or both testicles do not move down into the scrotum before birth. Normally, the testicles form in the abdomen and descend into the scrotum during the last months of pregnancy. When this does not happen, the testicle may remain in the abdomen or groin. This condition is usually noticed in newborn boys and may correct itself within the first few months of life. If it persists, medical or surgical treatment may be needed to reduce the risk of future complications such as fertility problems or testicular cancer.

Oligospermia

Oligospermia refers to a lower-than-normal sperm count in the semen, which can affect a man’s ability to father a child. It may be caused by factors such as hormonal imbalances, infections, lifestyle habits (like smoking or excessive alcohol use), varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum), or certain medical conditions. Many men with it do not have noticeable symptoms, and it is often identified during fertility evaluation.

Azoospermia

Azoospermia is a condition where no sperm are present in the semen. It can occur due to a blockage in the reproductive tract (obstructive azoospermia) or due to problems with sperm production in the testicles (non-obstructive azoospermia). This condition usually does not cause physical symptoms and is often discovered during infertility testing. Based on the underlying cause, treatment options may include surgery to correct blockages, hormonal therapy, or advanced fertility procedures.

Hormonal & Genetic Disorders

Conditions caused by hormone imbalances or genetic factors that affect male development and reproductive health.

Hypogonadism 

Hypogonadism is a condition in which the body does not produce enough male hormone. The hormone is responsible for male development and reproductive function. It can occur due to problems in the testicles or in the brain areas that control hormone production. Patients may notice symptoms such as reduced sexual desire, fatigue, decreased muscle mass, mood changes, or difficulty with fertility.

Klinefelter syndrome 

Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition in which a male is born with an extra X chromosome. This can have an effect on both testicular development and hormone production. Individuals may have smaller testicles, decreased amounts of male hormones, delayed puberty, or fertility issues. Some may also have a higher stature or mild learning disabilities. This condition is diagnosed later in life during fertility evaluation, and treatment mainly focuses on managing symptoms, often with hormone therapy and supportive care.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 

CAH is a group of inherited conditions that affect the adrenal glands, leading to abnormal production of hormones such as cortisol and androgens. In males, it may sometimes cause early puberty or hormonal imbalance. Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity but may include fatigue, abnormal growth patterns, or fertility-related concerns later in life.

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

AIS is a genetic condition where the body is unable to respond properly to male hormones (androgens), even though they are produced normally. This affects sexual development before birth. Depending on the severity, individuals may have male chromosomes but develop female or mixed physical characteristics. The condition is usually identified during childhood or adolescence when there are differences in physical development. 

Infections & Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections that affect the male reproductive system often spread through sexual contact or other causes.

Gonorrhoea

Gonorrhoea is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria. It mainly affects the reproductive tract, including the urethra in men. Some patients may not notice any symptoms, but others can experience a burning sensation while passing urine, discharge from the penis, or testicular discomfort. If left untreated, it can lead to complications such as infertility.

Syphilis 

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STIs) caused by bacteria that develops in stages if not treated. It usually starts with a painless sore at the infection site, then spreads to skin rashes and other symptoms. If left untreated, it can eventually harm several organs, including the heart and brain. Because early symptoms may be mild or unnoticed, regular screening and prompt treatment with antibiotics are important to prevent serious complications.

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a very frequent sexually transmitted bacterial infection that often does not cause noticeable symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include pain during urination, abnormal discharge, or discomfort in the testicular area. If not treated, it can lead to complications such as epididymitis or fertility issues.

Genital herpes

Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus. It leads to the formation of painful blisters or sores around the genital area. Some patients may also experience itching, burning, or flu-like symptoms during the first episode. The virus remains in the body and can cause recurrent outbreaks, although symptoms may become milder over time. While there is no complete cure, medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the body’s immune system and weakens its ability to fight infections. Without treatment, it can develop into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the most advanced stage of the disease. In the early stages, some people experience mild flu-like symptoms, while others may not have any symptoms for years. Over time, untreated HIV can lead to severe infections and health complications. Although there is no complete cure, effective medications help control the virus, allowing individuals to live long and healthy lives.

Tichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is caused by a parasite. In men, it often does not cause symptoms, but some may experience irritation inside the penis, mild discharge, or a burning during urination or ejaculation. Because symptoms can be mild or absent, the infection may go unnoticed and spread to others. It is easily treated with prescribed medications, and early treatment helps prevent complications and transmission.

Prostatitis 

This is the inflammation of the prostate gland, generally caused by bacterial infection or any other non-infectious causes. Patients may experience symptoms like pain in the pelvic area, difficulty or pain while urinating, frequent urination, or discomfort during ejaculation. The condition can be acute (sudden) or chronic (long-lasting). Treatment depends on the cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, and supportive care.

Get free second opinion on andrology care and treatment options.

At PACE Hospitals, we are committed to providing our patients with the best possible care, and that includes offering second medical opinions with super specialists for treatment or surgery. We recommend everyone to get an expert advance medical second opinion, before taking decision for your treatment or surgery.