Comprehensive Gynaecology Tests and Diagnosis

Complete Range of Gynaecology Tests

At PACE Hospitals, we provide accurate and timely gynecological diagnoses to identify a range of conditions affecting women’s reproductive health. Through advanced imaging, lab tests, and expert consultations, we ensure comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment plans for conditions.

Imaging Tests

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Pelvis

An MRI pelvis is a test that creates detailed images of the organs and tissues inside the pelvic area, such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and bladder. It's a non-invasive and painless test, and it doesn’t use radiation like X-rays. A doctor may recommend this test if a patient is experiencing unexplained pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, or suspected issues like tumors, cysts, or endometriosis. The MRI helps the doctor see the size, shape, and condition of pelvic organs, providing valuable information for diagnosing conditions like fibroids, ovarian cysts, cancers, and other pelvic abnormalities.

Computed tomography (CT Scan)

A CT scan is an imaging test that takes a series of X-ray pictures from different angles and combines them to create cross-sectional images. A CT scan is particularly useful in evaluating problems like pelvic cancers, tumors, or infections. If a patient is dealing with pelvic pain, unexplained bleeding, or has had previous gynecological surgeries, a CT scan may be ordered to get a clear, detailed view of the organs, helping the doctor diagnose conditions such as ovarian cancer, fibroids, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). 

Pelvic Ultrasound

A pelvic ultrasound is a diagnostic test that utilizes sound waves to make images of the organs inside the pelvis that are used to examine the organs and structures within the pelvis, such as the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, vagina and ovaries of the female. It allows the visuals of the pelvic organs. Ultrasound uses a transducer which places on the pelvic skin using the conductive gel.

Transvaginal Ultrasound

An ultrasound test identifies abnormalities using high-frequency sound waves to create (provide) pictures of internal organs. A transvaginal ultrasound, or endovaginal ultrasound, is used to examine the pelvis organs such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix and vagina.

Hysterosalpingogram

Hysterosalpingogram is an X-ray imaging technique to examine potential causes of pregnancy problems or infertility in women. It uses X-rays to provide a picture of the fallopian tubes and uterus. It can detect scar tissue, structural abnormalities, fibroids, tumours, polyps, or blockages in the tubes. An obstetrician-gynaecologist may recommend this procedure if a patient has had difficulty conceiving or has experienced multiple miscarriages.

Invasive Diagnostic Tests

Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to inspect the inside of the uterus (womb). This procedure involves using a hysteroscope, a thin instrument with a camera and light located at the end. It can be passed into the patient's uterus through the vagina and cervix. The camera can send images (inside the uterus) to the monitor, which is observed by the gynaecologist.

Pelvic Laparoscopy

Pelvic laparoscopy a minor invasive procedure is performed to examine and treat the abnormalities of the uterus, ovaries, cervix, and fallopian tubes in the pelvic area. Conditions treated include endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, pelvic inflammatory disease and cancers. It includes inserting the instrument into the abdomen by making small incisions. That instrument is called a laparoscope, which contains a thin device with an attached camera and light to visualize the organs.

Amniocentesis

Amniocentesis is a test that is performed during pregnancy to examine if the pregnant woman's baby has potential genetic or chromosomal abnormalities such as Edward's, Down's, or Patau's syndromes. This process involves extracting a small sample of amniotic fluid from the area surrounding the developing fetus within the uterus. It can be performed between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy. Through this screening process, obstetricians can determine the risk for specific medical conditions, allowing for early intervention and treatment if necessary.

Infection-Specific Tests

Blood Tests

Women can undergo various blood tests that provide valuable insights into their health. These tests measure specific hormones in a woman's body associated with pregnancy. Blood tests can identify the pregnancy and measure hormone levels (FSH, LH, oestrogen, progesterone, TSH, prolactin), providing valuable information about a woman's overall reproductive health and well-being. These tests can also diagnose specific types of sexually transmitted diseases (chlamydia, HIV, herpes, gonorrhoea, syphilis), often combined with urine tests to confirm, which can be critical in identifying and treating these infections.

Urine Examinations

A urinalysis is the most common diagnostic test conducted to examine the urine to detect and measure various compounds through physical, chemical, and microscopic tests and to assess many different aspects of health with a urine sample. It is performed to check protein and sugars.it is performed to confirm kidney problems, diabetes and preeclampsia, urinary tract infections and liver problems.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Test

The procedures involved in HPV and PAP tests share some similarities. HPV, capable of causing alterations in cervical cells, can be detected through an HPV test. This test can be conducted solely or in combination with a pap test in an approach known as co-testing.

Pap Test (Pap Smear)

A Pap test is a routine screening procedure designed to detect abnormal cells on the cervix, which could indicate the presence of precancerous changes or cervical cancer. The test involves collecting a sample of cells from the cervix, which are then examined under a microscope. This test is an essential tool for early detection of cervical cancer. Regular Pap tests are recommended for all women as part of routine gynecological care, helping to catch potential problems early and improve outcomes through early intervention.

Fertility-Specific Tests

Fertility Blood Tests

These tests are done to detect certain hormones in the bloodstream that are necessary for reproductive health. These tests assess hormone levels like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH ), estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin, which can provide important information about ovarian function, ovulation, and overall fertility. Abnormal hormone levels may indicate conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid imbalances, or reduced ovarian reserve. Fertility blood tests help healthcare providers evaluate a woman's reproductive health and determine the best course of action for those experiencing difficulties conceiving.

Hysterosalpingogram
Hysterosalpingogram is an X-ray imaging technique to examine potential causes of pregnancy problems or infertility in women. It uses X-rays to provide a picture of the fallopian tubes and uterus. It can detect scar tissue, structural abnormalities, fibroids, tumours, polyps, or blockages in the tubes. An obstetrician-gynaecologist may recommend this procedure if a patient has had difficulty conceiving or has experienced multiple miscarriages.

Biopsy Procedures

Breast Biopsy

A breast biopsy is a procedure of taking (removing) a small piece of tissue from the breast for further laboratory evaluation. It uses a biopsy needle to remove a sample of tissue, or may be removed during surgery. It is done to confirm that cancer or other abnormal cells are present in the breast.

Cervical Biopsy

A cervical biopsy is a gynaecological procedure performed to remove (take out) a tissue sample from the cervix to test for the presence of abnormal or precancerous or cancer cells and send it for lab evaluation. The test is performed when abnormalities are found during a pelvic exam or pap test. There are different methods for performing a cervical biopsy, such as colposcopic, cone and endocervical curettage.

Endometrial Biopsy
Gynaecologists may perform a procedure called endometrial biopsy to examine the abnormalities of the uterus and to diagnose the diseases such as endometrial cancer, fertility and abnormal uterine bleeding. During the process, a thin, flexible tube called a pipelle (consisting of a small tube inside) will be inserted through the opening of the cervix and into the uterus. The gynaecologist moves the pipelle back and forth to get a biopsy (tissue) sample from the uterus for laboratory evaluation.

Other Specific Tests

Urodynamic Studies

Urodynamic studies are a group of tests used to assess how well the bladder and urethra are functioning. These tests measure the bladder’s ability to store and release urine, which is important in diagnosing urinary incontinence, frequent urination, or other bladder dysfunctions. The tests involve placing small sensors in the bladder and urethra to measure pressure and flow as the bladder fills and empties. These studies are helpful for diagnosing conditions like overactive bladder, urinary retention, and pelvic floor disorders, often related to pregnancy, menopause, or aging. The results guide healthcare providers in recommending appropriate treatment options for bladder and urinary problems.

Colposcopy

Colposcopy is a diagnostical procedure containing a magnifying instrument with a light called a colposcope (which magnifies the images), used to examine the vulva, vagina and cervix. This instrument is placed into the vagina to open it, and a microscope is used to see the cervix and vaginal walls more clearly. A gynaecologist may take tissue samples for lab evaluation if any abnormal areas are identified.

Mammogram

It is an X-ray examination of the woman’s breast. It is used to identify and diagnose (find) the breast problems such as pain, lump or nipple discharge and even in asymptomatic women. This procedure identifies breast cancers, benign tumours and cysts before gynaecologists detect them by touch.

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