Kidney Stones: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Explained by Urologist

Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause excruciating pain as they move through the urinary tract. There are four main types of kidney stones: calcium stones, uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones.

Causes of kidney stones typically include dehydration, high intake of salt or protein, and genetic factors. Symptoms often manifest as intense pain in the lower back, blood in the urine, nausea, and frequent urination.

Treatment options depend on the size and type of stone. They may include increasing fluid intake to help dissolve smaller stones, medications, or, in more severe cases, surgical procedures such as lithotripsy or ureteroscopy.