Who Is a Urologist? A Patient’s Guide & Common FAQs

Who is a urologist doctor?

A urologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions related to the urinary tract and the male reproductive system. This includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra, prostate, penis, and testicles. Urologists manage a range of problems, from urinary tract infections (UTIs) to cancers, kidney stones, male infertility, and urinary incontinence. They may use medications, surgical procedures, and minimally invasive techniques to treat both acute and chronic urological issues.

When should someone consult a urologist?

A urologist should be consulted when there are symptoms involving the urinary tract or male reproductive system. These may include difficulty urinating, frequent or painful urination, blood in the urine, urinary incontinence, or suspected kidney stones. Conditions such as recurrent urinary tract infections, prostate enlargement, erectile dysfunction, and male infertility also warrant evaluation by a urologist. Early assessment allows for accurate diagnosis and appropriate medical or surgical management of underlying urological disorders.

What happens during a urology consultation?

During a urology consultation, the doctor reviews your medical history and symptoms, followed by a physical examination. They may order urine tests, blood work, imaging (like ultrasound or CT scans), or urodynamic testing. For men, a prostate exam may be performed. Based on findings, the urologist discusses a diagnosis and treatment options, which could include medications, lifestyle changes, or procedures depending on the condition’s severity.

What are common urinary problems in men?

Men often experience urinary problems such as enlarged prostate (BPH), urinary tract infections, painful urination, frequent nighttime urination, and difficulty starting or maintaining urine flow. Other common issues include bladder stones and urinary retention. A urologist evaluates these symptoms to rule out serious conditions like prostate cancer or infections and offers treatments that may include medication, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery.

What are common urinary problems in women?

Women may experience urinary tract infections (UTIs), urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, bladder prolapse, and painful urination. Some women also develop interstitial cystitis, a chronic bladder condition. Urologists help diagnose the underlying causes through urine tests, imaging, and physical exams, then create treatment plans using medications, pelvic floor therapy, or surgery depending on the specific condition and its severity.

Can a urologist treat male infertility?

Yes, urologists, particularly those with training in andrology, evaluate and treat male infertility. They assess semen quality, hormone levels, and physical factors such as varicoceles or blocked ducts. Treatment may include medication, lifestyle changes, surgery to correct anatomical issues, or sperm retrieval for assisted reproductive techniques. Urologists work closely with fertility specialists to support couples facing infertility challenges.

What is the role of a urologist in prostate health?

Urologists manage all aspects of prostate health, including screening for prostate cancer, treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and managing prostatitis (prostate inflammation). They perform digital rectal exams, order PSA blood tests, and may conduct prostate biopsies or imaging studies. Treatment for prostate conditions may involve medications, laser therapy, or surgical procedures based on the specific diagnosis.

What is a PSA test and why is it important?

A PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) test is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland. Elevated levels may indicate prostate inflammation, enlargement, or cancer. It’s commonly used as a screening tool for prostate cancer in men over 50 or those at high risk. Urologists interpret PSA results and determine whether further tests like a biopsy or MRI are needed.

Do urologists treat erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Yes, urologists diagnose and treat erectile dysfunction (ED), which may result from poor blood flow, nerve damage, hormonal imbalances, or psychological causes. They conduct tests to identify the underlying issue and offer treatments such as oral medications, vacuum devices, injections, or penile implants. Lifestyle changes and management of underlying conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure (Hypertension) are also part of the treatment plan.

Can urologists help with kidney stones?

Urologists are the specialists who diagnose and treat kidney stones. They use imaging tests to locate stones and determine their size and composition. Treatment may include pain management, medications to help pass stones, or procedures like shockwave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy to remove or break them. Urologists also advise on diet and lifestyle changes to prevent future stone formation.

Do urologists treat urinary incontinence?

Yes, urologists treat urinary incontinence in both men and women. They identify the cause—whether stress incontinence, urge incontinence, overflow, or mixed—and offer appropriate treatments. Options may include pelvic floor exercises, medications, bladder training, or surgical interventions like sling procedures or artificial sphincters for more severe cases

What is the role of a urologist in treating bladder cancer?

Urologists diagnose and manage bladder cancer through urine tests, cystoscopy, imaging, and biopsy. Treatment options include surgical removal of tumors, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or complete bladder removal in advanced cases. Urologists monitor patients closely after treatment to detect recurrence and provide follow-up care, including lifestyle guidance and ongoing surveillance.

What is a cystoscopy and is it painful?

A cystoscopy is a procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera (cystoscope) is inserted through the urethra to examine the bladder. It helps diagnose conditions like infections, tumors, or bleeding. Local anesthesia is typically used, and while it may cause slight discomfort, the procedure is generally well tolerated and quick. It provides essential information for diagnosing and managing urinary issues.

Can a urologist help with painful urination?

Yes, urologists are the right specialists to evaluate and treat painful urination, also called dysuria. This symptom can be caused by infections, inflammation, kidney stones, or structural issues. A urologist conducts urine tests, imaging, and physical exams to determine the cause and may prescribe antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, or other targeted treatments to relieve discomfort and address the underlying issue.

How do urologists diagnose prostate problems?

Urologists use physical exams, PSA blood tests, ultrasound, MRI, and sometimes prostate biopsy to diagnose prostate conditions. These evaluations help detect inflammation, enlargement (BPH), or prostate cancer. Based on the diagnosis, they recommend appropriate treatment options, ranging from medications and lifestyle changes to surgery or active surveillance.

Do urologists treat testicular problems?

Yes, urologists treat various testicular issues, including pain, swelling, varicoceles, testicular torsion, infections, and cancer. They use physical exams, ultrasound imaging, and lab tests to diagnose the cause. Treatment may involve medications, surgical correction, or in some cases, removal of the testicle if cancer is present. Prompt evaluation is important for conditions like torsion to avoid permanent damage.

Do urologists perform surgeries?

Yes, urologists perform both minor and major surgeries related to the urinary and reproductive systems. These include procedures for kidney stones, prostate surgery, bladder tumor removal, vasectomy, and surgical repair of incontinence. Many surgeries are now done using minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy or robotic-assisted surgery for quicker recovery and fewer complications.

Do urologists treat urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Yes, urologists treat both simple and recurrent urinary tract infections, especially if they occur frequently or are resistant to antibiotics. They investigate the underlying cause using urine tests, imaging, or cystoscopy, and may prescribe long-term medications or suggest lifestyle modifications. In some cases, surgical correction may be needed if anatomical abnormalities are causing recurrent infections.

What is a vasectomy and who performs it?

A vasectomy is a minor surgical procedure for male sterilization, in which the vas deferens (the tubes that carry sperm) are cut or sealed. It’s performed by a urologist under local anesthesia and takes about 15–30 minutes. It’s a permanent method of birth control and doesn’t affect sexual function. Recovery is usually quick with minimal complications.

Urology Department | Urology Hospital in Hyderabad