Kidney Cancer Stages, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Explained by Urologist

Kidney cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow in the kidneys, forming tumors, with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) being the most common type. The cancer is staged based on tumor size, local tissue invasion, and whether lymph nodes or distant organs are involved. Key risk factors include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and genetic predisposition. Symptoms often present as blood in the urine, flank pain, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Treatment options vary according to the cancer's stage and may involve surgery, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or radiation. Early detection is crucial for enhancing treatment success and outcomes.